Entries |
Document | Title | Date |
20080223729 | Electrolytic activation of fluids - A unipolar liquid activation apparatus with an anode cell ( | 09-18-2008 |
20080237059 | Electrolysis treatment apparatus, support for planographic printing plate, planographic printing plate, and electrolysis treatment process - An electrolysis treatment apparatus for performing electrolytically treating a metal strip that is running in a certain direction is provided. A number of electrolysis cells continuously perform the electrolysis treatment with alternating currents in acidic electrolyte solutions. The electrolysis cells are arranged in series along the running direction of the metal strip. In each of the electrolysis cells, one electrode or two or more electrodes is/are provided. Each electrode is disposed so as to face a running path of the metal strip and applies alternating current. A soft start portion is provided at an entry region of the electrode at which the metal strip is fed in. Current density of the alternating current in the plural electrolysis cells is set so as to be the lowest in the electrolysis cell disposed furthest downstream with respect to the running direction of the metal strip. In at least one electrolysis cell except the electrolysis cell that is disposed furthest downstream. A low current density zone is provided at an exit region at which the metal strip is fed out. | 10-02-2008 |
20080257752 | Device and Method for Electrolytically Treating Flat Work Pieces - The invention relates to a device and method for electrolytically treating flat work pieces ( | 10-23-2008 |
20080283414 | Electrowetting devices - A device comprising: a chamber containing two immiscible conductive liquids, the liquids having an interface therebetween; and electrodes arranged to apply a voltage across the interface between the said liquids such as to control the shape of the interface. | 11-20-2008 |
20080289971 | Ultrasonic Cleaning Method and Device - An ultrasonic cleaning method and an ultrasonic cleaning device are provided, which are capable of performing simultaneously cleaning and sterilization of medical appliances or the like, and which can also be used for washing hands for disinfection without any special waste water treatment. The ultrasonic cleaning method for cleaning an object to be cleaned by using an ultrasonic wave includes the steps of putting cleaning fluid and the object to be cleaned in a cleaning tank ( | 11-27-2008 |
20080314761 | Formation of an Emulsion in a Fluid Microsystem - There is described a method for forming an emulsion ( | 12-25-2008 |
20080314762 | SWIMMING POOL CLEANING AND SANITIZING SYSTEM - An in-line cleaning and sanitation apparatus for cleaning a liquid, the apparatus including electronic oxidation means to increase the oxidation reduction potential of the liquid, and ionization means to produce ions having an algaecidal or bactericidal effect into the liquid, in that order together with ultrasonic cleaning means to introduce sound waves into the liquid, and wherein the ionization means, the ultrasonic cleaning means and the electronic oxidation means are operated simultaneously for a period to clean and sanitize the liquid in the absence of added salt, chlorine or other chemicals. | 12-25-2008 |
20080314763 | Method and device for regenerating ion exchanger, and electrolytic processing apparatus - A method and device for regenerating an ion exchanger can regenerate an ion exchanger easily and quickly, and can minimize a load upon cleaning of the regenerated ion exchanger and disposal of waste liquid. A method for regenerating a contaminated ion exchanger includes: providing a pair of a regeneration electrode and a counter electrode, a partition disposed between the electrodes, and an ion exchanger to be regenerated disposed between the counter electrode and the partition; and applying a voltage between the regeneration electrode and the counter electrode while supplying a liquid between the partition and the regeneration electrode and also supplying a liquid between the partition and the counter electrode. | 12-25-2008 |
20090045074 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF IONS FROM A POROUS ELECTRODE THAT IS PART OF A DEIONIZATION SYSTEM - An electrode for use in a deionization apparatus includes a conductive material that is in a granular form and is arranged in a layer that is defined by a first face and a second face. The electrode includes a substrate that is disposed against the first face, and a first member that is disposed against the second face and is formed to permit a fluid to pass through the first member and into contact with the granular conductive material to permit absorption of ions by the granular conductive material. | 02-19-2009 |
20090145772 | METHOD OF TREATING NANOPARTICLES USING AN INTERMITTENTLY PROCESSING ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL - A method of treating electrically conductive nanoparticles using a dynamic processing electrochemical cell. | 06-11-2009 |
20090145773 | Membrane Cycle Cleaning - Method and apparatus for cleaning a membrane system by using electrolysis to replenish the quantity and quality of the disinfectant solution. An electrolytic cell is preferably mounted in a recirculation piping line in connection with the chlorine-containing vat that is used to clean membranes. The electrolytic cell converts chloride produced in the membrane cleaning process to chlorine or other oxidants, thereby replenishing the cleaning solution and enabling it to be recycled. | 06-11-2009 |
20090166218 | PULSED ELECTROLYTIC CELL - A power generator is provided with an electrolytic cell containing an electrically-conductive heavy or light water based electrolyte in which is immersed an electrode pair whose anode is formed of platinum and whose cathode is formed of palladium. Applied across these electrodes is a train of voltage pulse packets, each comprised of a cluster of pulses. The amplitude and duration of each pulse in the packet, the duration of the intervals between pulses, and the duration of the intervals between successive packets in the train are in a predetermined pattern in accordance with superlooping waves in which each wave is modulated by waves of different frequency and amplitude. Each packet of voltage pulses gives rise to a surge of current in the electrolyte which flows between the electrodes and causes the heavy or light water to decompose, oxygen being released at the anode while deuterium or hydrogen ions migrate toward the palladium cathode. The successive surges of ions produced by the train of pulse packets bombard the palladium cathode, to bring about dense hydrogen or deuterium packing which results in heat generation in excess of energy input to the cell. | 07-02-2009 |
20090229992 | Reverse Polarity Cleaning and Electronic Flow Control Systems for Low Intervention Electrolytic Chemical Generators - Method and apparatus for a low maintenance, high reliability on-site electrolytic generator incorporating automatic cell monitoring for contaminant film buildup, as well as automatically removing or cleaning the contaminant film. This method and apparatus preferably does not require human intervention to clean. For high current density cells, cleaning is preferably performed by reversing the polarity of the electrodes and applying a lower current density to the electrodes. A second lower current density power supply may be used for reverse polarity cleaning. Electrolyte flow is preferably monitored and automatically adjusted. | 09-17-2009 |
20090294300 | RF SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING SALT WATER - Systems and methods for processing salt water and/or solutions containing salt water with RF energy. Exemplary systems and methods may use RF energy to combust salt water, to produce hydrogen from salt water or solutions containing salt water, to volatilize a secondary fuel present in solutions containing salt water, to produce and combust hydrogen obtained from salt water or solutions containing salt water, to volatilize and combust secondary fuel sources present in solutions containing salt water, to desalinate seawater, and/or to carry out the electrolysis of water are presented. An exemplary system may comprise a reservoir for containing a salt water solution or salt water mixture; a reaction chamber having an inlet; a feed line operatively connecting the reservoir to the inlet of the reaction chamber; an RF transmitter having an RF generator in circuit communication with a transmission head, the RF generator capable of generating an RF signal absorbable by the salt water solution or the salt water mixture having a frequency for transmission via the transmission head; and an RF receiver; wherein the reaction chamber is positioned such that some of the salt water solution or salt water mixture is positioned between the RF transmission head and the RF receiver. | 12-03-2009 |
20090314654 | ELECTROLYSIS CELL HAVING ELECTRODES WITH VARIOUS-SIZED/SHAPED APERTURES - An electrolysis cell is provided, which includes an anode electrode and a cathode electrode. At least one of the anode electrode or the cathode electrode includes a first plurality of apertures having a first size and/or shape and a second plurality of apertures having a second, different size and/or shape. | 12-24-2009 |
20100044244 | DEIONIZATION APPARATUS AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME - A regeneration method to rapidly and efficiently desorb ions after the ions are absorbed to electrodes in a deionization apparatus to eliminate ion components in a fluid (liquid and gas) is disclosed. A plurality of cells including a plurality of electrodes to absorb ions included in a fluid are connected to configure a stack. In a capacitive deionization (CDI) apparatus including at least two stacks, if 0 V is applied as a method of desorbing the ions and regenerating the electrodes after the ions are absorbed to the electrodes, and the cells or the stacks are connected in series in a state in which the cell units and the stack units obtained by connecting the cells are electrically disconnected from a power source, the capacitance of the entire system is reduced, a discharging time is shortened, and the ions are rapidly and efficiently desorbed. | 02-25-2010 |
20100072078 | MICRO-DEVICE FOR ANALYSING LIQUID SAMPLES - A device for forming waves at the interface (I) of a liquid drop (F | 03-25-2010 |
20100108539 | Method for detecting analyte, detection apparatus, and test chip - A method for detecting an analyte, comprising: trapping an analyte in a sample by using a test chip, wherein the test chip comprises: a working electrode including a semiconductor layer, a probe being capable of trapping the analyte and being immobilized on the semiconductor layer, a counter electrode, and a reduction electrode for reducing an electrolyte contained in an electrolyte medium to be contacted with the working electrode and the counter electrode: irradiating, with a light for exciting the modulator, the modulator with which the analyte trapped by the probe has been modified, while the working electrode, the counter electrode and the reduction electrode are contacted with an electrolyte medium containing the electrolyte; measuring a current which due to movement of electrons from the photoexcited modulator to the working electrode, passes between the working electrode and the counter electrode, while the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte medium is reduced by the reduction electrode. | 05-06-2010 |
20100147700 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING ELECTRICAL CHARGE THROUGH A LIQUID HAVING ENHANCED SUSPENSION PROPERTIES - An apparatus and method are provided. The method includes for example, treating a liquid in an apparatus to increase suspension properties of the liquid and dispensing the treated liquid from the apparatus to a surface or volume of space so as to create an electrically conductive path by the treated liquid from the apparatus to the surface or volume of space. During the step of dispensing, an alternating electric field is generated from the apparatus to the surface or volume of space, through the liquid along the conductive path, wherein the electric field is sufficient to destroy at least one microorganism from the surface or in the volume of space. | 06-17-2010 |
20100155261 | Deionization apparatus and method of controlling the same - A deionization apparatus for regenerating electrodes using vibration and a method of controlling the same. The deionization apparatus includes electrodes to which ions contained in a fluid are absorbed, and a piezoelectric element to separate the ions absorbed to the electrodes by vibration. Since the ions absorbed to the electrodes are separated using mechanical energy generated by the piezoelectric element, it may be possible to more rapidly perform regeneration of the electrodes. | 06-24-2010 |
20100176004 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT OF A PLATE-SHAPED PRODUCT - An apparatus for the electrolytic treatment of the product L using a treatment agent is used to make the treatment of a plate-shaped product more uniform. This apparatus includes: devices for retaining | 07-15-2010 |
20100181208 | WASHING SYSTEMS INCORPORATING CHARGED ACTIVATED LIQUIDS - A washing system and method comprising forming a charged activated liquid, and operating a washing system with the charged activated liquid. | 07-22-2010 |
20100206743 | SEPARATION PROCESS - A process for separating dissolved components from a solution, said process comprising a) introducing a first solution into a solar pond and irradiating the solution with solar energy, such that temperature and concentration gradients are established, whereby the temperature and concentration of solute at the base of the pond is greater than the temperature and concentration of solute at the surface of the pond, b) introducing a portion of the first solution from the pond into a first osmosis unit, and contacting the portion with one side of a selectively permeable membrane, c) contacting the other side of the selectively permeable membrane with a second solution having a lower solute concentration than the portion of first solution from the pond, such that solvent from the second solution passes across the membrane to dilute and pressurise the portion of first solution, d) removing the diluted portion of first solution from the first osmosis unit, and e) using the pressure generated in the diluted portion of first solution to drive a solution of dissolved components through a membrane to separate at least some of the dissolved components from the solution. | 08-19-2010 |
20100206744 | BRINE PURIFICATION - Process of reducing organic content of brine which includes subjecting a brine solution containing an organic content to an electrochemical process for a sufficient period of time and at a sufficient voltage to reduce the organic content of the brine to obtain a reduced organic content brine. Also provided is a process for reducing organic contamination of brine in a chemical process comprising subjecting a brine stream of the chemical process to electrochemical oxidation to obtain a reduced organic content brine stream. | 08-19-2010 |
20110005940 | Continuous Methods for Treating Liquids and Manufacturing Certain Constituents (e.g., nanoparticles) in Liquids, Apparatuses and Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle/Liquid Solution(s) Resulting Therefrom - Methods and devices for the continuous manufacture of nanop∈rticles, microparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s) are disclosed. The nanoparticles (and/or micron-sized particles) comprise a variety of possible compositions, sizes and shapes. The particles (e.g., nanoparticles) are caused to be present (e. g., created) in a liquid (e.g., water) by utilizing at least one adjustable plasma (e.g., created by at least one AC and/or DC power source), which plasma communicates with at least a portion of a surface of the liquid. The continuous process causes at least one liquid to flow into, through and out of at least one trough member, such liquid being processed, conditioned and/or effected in said trough member(s). | 01-13-2011 |
20110011749 | Process for separation of an ion from a fluid mixture - A process for separation of a target ion from a fluid mixture containing the ion as well as a fluid non-ionic component includes flowing a mixture of the fluid and the ion through a separation zone containing positive and negative plates. The positive plate has a surface layer of negative polarity and the negative plate has a surface layer of positive polarity. An electrical potential is applied across the plates using a selected voltage. The mixture flows along at least one of the positive and negative plates such that target ions are attracted to the plate of opposite charge caused by the electrical potential. At the selected voltage, the surface layers of the positive plate and negative plates having the same polarity as an attracted positive or negative ion has surface groups that repel the attracted ions as they flow past the plate surface. | 01-20-2011 |
20110042232 | SOLID ELECTROLYTE PRODUCING ASSEMBLY AND METHOD - A solid electrolyte producing system includes a supercapacitor desalination device comprising a power supply and a supercapacitor desalination unit. The supercapacitor desalination unit includes a pair of electrodes electrically coupled to the power supply and operable in a charging mode of operation and a discharging mode of operation. A feeding source is configured to provide a feed liquid to the supercapacitor desalination unit when the supercapacitor desalination unit is in the charging mode of operation. The feed liquid comprises at least one determined electrolyte. A crystallization device is providing for receiving a concentrated liquid from the supercapacitor desalination device in the discharging mode of operation, the concentrated liquid being a saturated liquid or supersaturated liquid of the at least one determined type of electrolyte. The at least one determined type of electrolyte precipitates in the crystallization device as solid electrolyte. The system further comprises a separation device for separating the solid electrolyte from the liquid of the crystallization device as a solid electrolyte product. | 02-24-2011 |
20110048964 | AXIAL-SUMP ELECTROLYTIC FLOW CELL - Apparatus and associated methods pertaining to an axial-flow electrolytic sump for operation in low to medium conductivity hard water. The axial-flow electrolytic sump can include easily replaceable components providing for ease of maintenance, low-cost replacement, and the lowest impact to the environment for the service life of the system. In general, the axial-flow electrolytic sump can comprise a removable/replaceable electrode cartridge that is operably enclosed in a sump housing. | 03-03-2011 |
20110073487 | ELECTROCHEMICAL DESALINATION SYSTEM AND METHOD - An electrochemical desalination system includes a first and a second electrochemical device and a controller. The first and second electrochemical devices each comprises a electrochemical desalination module comprising at least one pair of electrodes and a compartment between each pair of electrodes for receiving an electrolyte solution. Each of the first and second electrochemical desalination devices comprises a plurality of successive operation cycles. Each cycle comprises a charging mode of operation for charging each pair of electrodes and for adsorbing ions in the electrolyte solution on the electrodes, and a discharging mode of operation for discharging the pair of electrodes and for desorbing ions from the pair of electrodes. The controller is configured to control the system that the first and second electrochemical desalination devices have interleaved charging and discharging modes of operation. One of the first and second electrochemical desalination devices is in a discharging mode and the at least one pair of electrodes release electrical current, while the other of the first and second electrochemical desalination devices is in a charging mode of operation and receives the electrical current released from said one of the first and second electrochemical desalination device. | 03-31-2011 |
20110100837 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING FLUIDS - The present invention relates generally to the processing of fluids and/or their carriers. Carriers may comprise pipes, tubes and the like or reservoirs for the distribution and/or storage of fluids. In one form, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus that is suitable for use in the treatment of various fluids, such as water, by introducing at least one chemically active metal into the water and its carriers for disinfection of the water in a controlled manner. The invention also relates to a biasing means for displacement of an electrode arrangement to allow for the introduction of ions into a fluid at a controlled or easily monitored rate that is commensurate with the amount of fluid flow. | 05-05-2011 |
20110114509 | Method and Apparatus for Removing Impurities from a Liquid - A method and system for purifying liquid is disclosed that includes combining powdered metal particles with the fluid to be treated. The mixture of powdered metal particles and liquid to be treated is then passed through an electrolytic cell. The cells forms ions which attach to contaminants in the liquid and are subsequently separated out from the liquid using conventional solid/liquid separation techniques. | 05-19-2011 |
20110114510 | Method and Apparatus for Removing Impurities from a Liquid - A method and system for purifying liquid is disclosed that includes combining powdered metal particles with the fluid to be treated. The mixture of powdered metal particles or metal and liquid to be treated is then passed through an electrolytic cell. The cell forms multivalent ions which attach to contaminants in the liquid and are subsequently separated out from the liquid using conventional solid/liquid separation techniques. The multivalent ions may also be formed from thin strips of aluminum or formed by pressing layers of powdered metallic particles together and installing in the electrolytic cell between two cathodes, the powdered metal electrode being the anode. | 05-19-2011 |
20110147231 | HIGH-THROUGHPUT CAVITATION AND ELECTROCOAGULATION APPARATUS - The invention relates to a cavitation and electrocoagulation reactor comprising a hollow cylindrical cathode having a cylindrical anode coaxially disposed therein to form an annular interelectrode gap between the contact surfaces. An inlet sleeve and an outlet sleeve disposed in the respective inlet and outlet of the cathode and abutting against opposite ends of the anode seal the interelectrode gap from the respective inlet and outlet of the cathode. A set of channels disposed in the wall of the inlet sleeve connect the inlet to the interelectrode gap. Similarly, a set of openings disposed in the outlet sleeve connect the interelectrode gap to the cathode outlet. An electrical source has first and second terminals respectively connected to the anode and the cathode. The method for removing contaminants from a contaminated fluid flow involves the simultaneous application of hydrodynamic cavitation and electrocoagulation to the contaminated fluid flow. | 06-23-2011 |
20110214999 | METHOD AND PROCESS FOR ELEMENT AND/OR COMPOUND EXTRACTION, SEPARATION, AND PURIFICATION - Embodiments of the invention are directed to apparatus and methods for separating and extracting one or more desired elements and/or compounds from a source feedstock comprising the steps of providing a cavitation-assisted electrolytic purification apparatus comprising an electrolyte and a source feedstock in a reaction zone; introducing oxidizing agents and reducing agents to the source feedstock; causing an electric current to flow through the reaction zone; causing cavitation within the reaction zone; and optionally modifying the temperature of the reaction zone. | 09-08-2011 |
20120024718 | METHOD FOR TREATING A SUBSTANCE WITH WAVE ENERGY FROM PLASMA AND AN ELECTRICAL ARC - An apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and/or in a single process step is provided by the present invention. Within the apparatus of the invention potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently into angular momentum by means of wave energy, for comminuting, reacting and separation of feed materials. Methods of use of the apparatus in the practice of various processes are also provided by the present invention. | 02-02-2012 |
20120080322 | METHOD, TREATMENT STATION AND ASSEMBLY FOR TREATING A PLANAR MATERIAL TO BE TREATED - In order to remove treatment liquid ( | 04-05-2012 |
20120118758 | ELECTRODES MADE USING SURFACING TECHNIQUE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME - An electrode is formed using a sanding mechanism to condition the surface of the electrode for electrochemical purposes. Hazardous particles emitted during sanding are captured using jetted liquid, and may be recycled for later use. The sanded surface provides increased electrode lifespan and lead oxide adherence. | 05-17-2012 |
20120186992 | ELECTROCOAGULATION FOR TREATING LIQUIDS - A method, a system and a kit for removing colloid contaminants from a fluid by destabilization thereof with addition of kinetic energy thereto is provided, the method to overcome the energetic barrier preventing an efficient fluid-solid separation comprises injecting the colloidal fluid containing contaminants in an electrolytic system including an electrocoagulation module comprising an anode and a cathode, the anode and the cathode being adapted to be electrically connected to perform electrolysis of the fluid, providing an electric current, between the anode and the cathode, to form electro-coagulated contaminants flocs in the agitated fluid, separating the electro-coagulated flocs from the fluid, and extracting the fluid from the electrolytic system. | 07-26-2012 |
20120186993 | IONIC LIQUIDS - A process for the absorption of one or more gas(es) selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide from a fluid, the process including: providing a fluid containing the selected gas(es); and an ionic liquid absorbent, the absorbent including the components: one or more anions; one or more metal species; and optionally one or more organic cations; and optionally one or more ligands; the absorbent components being selected such that the absorbent is in a liquid state at the operating temperature and pressure of the process; with the provisos that: when the anion contains in the same molecular entity: both an amine functional group and a sulfonate functional group; both an amine functional group and a carboxylate functional group; both a phosphine functional group and a sulfonate functional group; or both a phosphine functional group and a carboxylate functional group, the metal species is not an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal; the anion and/or metal species do not form a cuprate; and when the anion and/or metal species form a metal halide, the ionic liquid absorbent includes one or more ligands; contacting the fluid with the ionic liquid absorbent such that the selected gas(es) interact with the metal species; and collecting an ionic liquid in which at least a portion of the selected gas(es) is absorbed. | 07-26-2012 |
20120267255 | ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM AND METHOD THEREOF - An embodiment of the invention provides an ultrasensitive and selective system and method for detecting reactants of the chemical/biochemical reaction catalyzed by an oxidoreductase, such as glucose and ethanol, at a concentration level down to zepto molar (10 | 10-25-2012 |
20130068630 | INCREASING ION SORPTION AND DESORPTION RATES OF CONDUCTIVE ELECTRODES - An electrolyte system includes a reactor having a pair of electrodes that may sorb ions from an electrolyte. The electrolyte system also includes at least one power supply in electrical communication with the reactor. The at least one power supply may supply a DC signal and an AC signal to the pair of electrodes during sorption of the ions. In addition, the power supply may supply only the AC signal to the pair of electrodes during desorption of the ions. | 03-21-2013 |
20130153440 | RF SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING SALT WATER - Systems and methods for processing salt water and/or solutions containing salt water with RF energy. Exemplary systems and methods may use RF energy to combust salt water, to produce hydrogen from salt water or solutions containing salt water, to volatilize a secondary fuel present in solutions containing salt water, to produce and combust hydrogen obtained from salt water or solutions containing salt water, to volatilize and combust secondary fuel sources present in solutions containing salt water, to desalinate seawater, and/or to carry out the electrolysis of water are presented. An exemplary system may comprise a reservoir for containing a salt water solution or salt water mixture; a reaction chamber having an inlet; a feed line operatively connecting the reservoir to the inlet of the reaction chamber; an RF transmitter having an RF generator in circuit communication with a transmission head, the RF generator capable of generating an RF signal absorbable by the salt water solution or the salt water mixture having a frequency for transmission via the transmission head; and an RF receiver; wherein the reaction chamber is positioned such that some of the salt water solution or salt water mixture is positioned between the RF transmission head and the RF receiver. | 06-20-2013 |
20130186775 | Separation and/or Sequestration Apparatus and Methods - Apparatus for separating CO | 07-25-2013 |
20140131222 | COMMINUTION WATER CONTAMINANT REMOVAL SYSTEM - An electrochemical reactor for removing mining constituents from a fluid is disclosed. The electrochemical reactor includes a housing defining a flow path and a pump configured to continuously move fluid through the flow path at a flow rate. The electrochemical reactor also includes a power supply coupled to the housing, an anode and a cathode coupled to the power supply, and a controller configured to selectively engage the power supply power supply. The power supply applies an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode when engaged. | 05-15-2014 |
20140318983 | Regeneration of Etch Solutions Containing Trivalent Manganese in Acid Media - A method of regenerating an etch solution comprising a metastable complex of manganese(III) ions in a strong acid is described in which at least a portion of the manganese(III) ions in the metastable complex have been destabilized, causing them to disproportionate into manganese dioxide and manganese(II) ions. The method includes the steps of i) adding an effective amount of a reducing agent to the solution; ii) allowing the reducing agent to react with the solution to cause manganese dioxide to dissolve; and (iii) applying an electrical current to regenerate manganese(III) ions in the solution. | 10-30-2014 |
20150144502 | ELECTROCHEMICALLY-ASSISTED MEGASONIC CLEANING SYSTEMS AND METHODS - An electrochemically-assisted megasonic cleaning method includes applying an electrical potential to a conductive surface immersed in solution to form bubbles of gaseous molecules produced by electrochemical reaction, and applying a megasonic field to the solution to oscillate the bubbles and clean the conductive surface without causing damage. An electrochemically-assisted megasonic cleaning system includes an electrical supply for applying electrical potential to a conductive surface immersed in solution to induce bubble formation in the solution and at the surface through an electrochemical reaction, and a transducer for applying a megasonic field to the solution to induce oscillation of the bubbles. | 05-28-2015 |
20150299874 | METHOD FOR RECOVERY OF PHOSPHATE FROM A LIQUID PHASE - Known phosphorus recovery methods from liquid phases proceed from the presence of ammonia or nitrate, and phosphate, in the liquid phase. Wastewater that is supposed to be freed of nitrate and phosphate pollution in sewage treatment facilities can be used as the liquid phase. In electrochemical methods, a magnesium electrode is used as a sacrificial anode, and ammonium and phosphate together are bound to the magnesium to form struvite, which in turn can be used in agriculture as a fertilizer, in useful manner. In an alternative method of procedure, first, only phosphates are removed from a liquid phase that occurs from the filtration of products of hydrothermal carbonization. A magnesium electrode is used as the cathode, so that the resulting magnesium phosphate does not go into solution and first must be precipitated, but rather is removed from the electrolysis cell directly with the cathode, after the reaction occurs. | 10-22-2015 |