Entries |
Document | Title | Date |
20080228242 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TRAINING A VISUAL PROSTHESIS - A method for training a visual prosthesis includes presenting a non-visual reference stimulus corresponding to a reference image to a visual prosthesis patient. Training data sets are generated by presenting a series of stimulation patterns to the patient through the visual prosthesis. Each stimulation pattern in the series is determined at least in part on a received user perception input and a fitness function optimization algorithm. The presented stimulation patterns and the user perception inputs are stored and presented to a neural network off-line to determine a vision solution. | 09-18-2008 |
20080249588 | Electrode Array - The present invention is an electrode array for neural stimulation. In particular, the present invention provides electrode shapes and electrode coating advantageous in maximizing the charge dissipation without harming neural tissue. Neurotophic factors are used to further improve electrode performance. | 10-09-2008 |
20080262568 | VISUAL PROSTHESIS - A visual prosthesis apparatus and a method for limiting power consumption in a visual prosthesis apparatus. The visual prosthesis apparatus comprises a camera for capturing a video image, a video processing unit associated with the camera, the video processing unit configured to convert the video image to stimulation patterns, and a retinal stimulation system configured to stop stimulating neural tissue in a subject's eye based on the stimulation patterns when an error is detected in a forward telemetry received from the video processing unit. | 10-23-2008 |
20080262569 | Visual Prosthesis - A method for stimulating a subject's retina. The method comprising selecting at least a first and a second electrode each configured to apply current to a subject's retina, determining impedance for the at least first electrode and second electrode, and applying current to the subject's retina through the at least first and second electrode, wherein current to be applied by the first electrode and the second electrode is configured to be higher for the first electrode when the first electrode has an impedance lower than a second electrode's impedance. | 10-23-2008 |
20080262570 | Visual Prosthesis - A retinal stimulation system. The retinal stimulation system comprises an electronics package; and at least a first and a second electrode, each associated with the electronics package and configured to apply current to a subject's retina; wherein current to be applied by the first electrode and the second electrode is configured to be higher for the first electrode when the first electrode has an impedance lower than a second electrode's impedance | 10-23-2008 |
20080262571 | Visual Prosthesis - A method to provide visual current feedback of a retinal stimulation system. The method comprising: providing a retinal stimulation system configured to stimulate neural tissue in a subject's eye, the retinal stimulation system comprising: an electronics package; and at least a first and a second electrode, each associated with the electronics package and configured to apply current to a subject's retina; wherein current to be applied by the first electrode and the second electrode is configured to be higher for the first electrode when the first electrode has an impedance lower than a second electrode's impedance; and providing a visual interface configured to show impedance of at least one of the electrodes. | 10-23-2008 |
20080275527 | Retinal Prosthesis with a New Configuration - Polymer materials are useful as electrode array bodies for neural stimulation. They are particularly useful for retinal stimulation to create artificial vision, cochlear stimulation to create artificial hearing, and cortical stimulation, and many related purposes. The pressure applied against the retina, or other neural tissue, by an electrode array is critical. Too little pressure causes increased electrical resistance, along with electric field dispersion. Too much pressure may block blood flow. Common flexible circuit fabrication techniques generally require that a flexible circuit electrode array be made flat. Since neural tissue is almost never flat, a flat array will necessarily apply uneven pressure. Further, the edges of a flexible circuit polymer array may be sharp and cut the delicate neural tissue. By applying the right amount of heat to a completed array, a curve can be induced. With a thermoplastic polymer it may be further advantageous to repeatedly heat the flexible circuit in multiple molds, each with a decreasing radius. Further, it is advantageous to add material along the edges. It is further advantageous to provide a fold or twist in the flexible circuit array. Additional material may be added inside and outside the fold to promote a good seal with tissue. | 11-06-2008 |
20080275528 | Electrode Array for Visual Stimulation - The present invention is an electrode array adapted for stimulating the retina to create the perception of vision in blind patients. | 11-06-2008 |
20080281377 | Spatial Mapping for a Visual Prosthesis - A visual prosthesis and a method of operating a visual prosthesis are disclosed. Neural stimulation through electrodes is controlled by spatial maps, where a grouped or random association is established between the pixels of the acquired image and the electrodes. In this way distortions from the foveal pit and wiring mistakes in the implant can be corrected. Moreover, broken electrodes can be bypassed and a resolution limit can be tested, together with testing the benefit the patient receives from correct spatial mapping. | 11-13-2008 |
20080288021 | Device For Electrically Stimulating Biological Material - The invention relates to a device for electrically stimulating biological material that can be electrically stimulated. Said device comprises an electrode array which can be implanted so as to be in active contact with the biological material. Said electrode array comprises a two-dimensional arrangement of individual electrodes (Eij) that produce a stimulation field (S | 11-20-2008 |
20080294223 | Fitting a Neural Prosthesis Using Impedance and Electrode Height - The invention is a method of automatically adjusting an electrode array to the neural characteristics of an individual subject. The response to electrical neural stimulation varies from subject to subject. Measure of impedance may be used to predict the electrode height from the neural tissue and, thereby, predict the threshold of perception. Alternatively, electrode height may be measured directly to predict the threshold of perception. Also, impedance measurement may be used to quickly identify defective electrodes and proper electrode placement. | 11-27-2008 |
20080294224 | Visual Color Prosthesis - The present invention is a visual color prosthesis. The prosthesis creates the perception of a color image by electrically stimulating visual neurons in patterns consistent with the electrically patterns naturally produced by the retina in response to a color image. | 11-27-2008 |
20080294225 | VIDEO CONFIGURATION FILE EDITOR FOR VISUAL PROSTHESIS FITTING AND RELATED METHOD - A method of editing a video configuration file downloadable to or from a video processing unit of a fitting system for a visual prosthesis is shown. The visual prosthesis has a plurality of electrodes and the video configuration file defines mapping of a video signal captured from a camera of the visual prosthesis to an electrical signal for the electrodes. The editing controls a brightness map for an individual electrode or electrode groups, together with a temporal stimulation pattern to which an individual electrode or electrode groups are assigned. A related computer-operated system is also disclosed. | 11-27-2008 |
20080306572 | Apparatus for Experiencing Visual-Tactile Interaction - A subject is able to experience the sensation of a phantom limb by an effect of interaction generated between visual sensation and tactile sensation. A first chamber | 12-11-2008 |
20090005835 | Low Profile Package for an Implantable Device - The present invention is a low profile hermetic package for an implantable medical device. The package includes a non-conductive substrate including a plurality of straight conductive vias through the non-conductive substrate. A conductive cover hermetically enclosing an electronics circuit is bonded to the non-conductive substrate. The device is low profile. The width of the non-conductive substrate is grater than the height of the cover. | 01-01-2009 |
20090024182 | IrOx Nanostructure Electrode Neural Interface Optical Device - An optical device with an iridium oxide (IrOx) electrode neural interface, and a corresponding fabrication method are provided. The method provides a substrate and forms a first conductive electrode overlying the substrate. A photovoltaic device having a first electrical interface is connected to the first electrode. A second electrical interface of the photovoltaic device is connected to a second conductive electrode formed overlying the photovoltaic device. An array of neural interface single-crystal IrOx nanostructures are formed overlying the second electrode, where x≦4. The IrOx nanostructures can be partially coated with an electrical insulator, such as SiO | 01-22-2009 |
20090112287 | SALIENCY-BASED APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR VISUAL PROSTHESES - Saliency-based apparatus and methods for visual prostheses are disclosed. A saliency-based component processes video data output by a digital signal processor before the video data are input to the retinal stimulator. In a saliency-based method, an intensity stream is extracted from an input image, feature maps based on the intensity stream are developed, plural most salient regions of the input image are detected and one of the regions is selected as a highest saliency region. | 04-30-2009 |
20090118792 | Video Processing Unit for a Visual Prosthetic Apparatus - A video processing unit configured to convert a video image to stimulation patterns for stimulating neural tissue in a subject's eye and comprising a power button, wherein the video processing unit is configured to be powered on after a first time interval upon activation of a power button, wherein the video processing unit is configured to be powered off after a second time interval upon activation of a power button. | 05-07-2009 |
20090118793 | Video Processing Unit for a Visual Prosthetic Apparatus - A video processing unit configured to convert a video image to stimulation patterns for stimulating neural tissue in a subject's eye, the video processing unit comprising a video processor for converting a video image to a digital video stream; a memory for storing the digital video stream; and a video preprocessor data interface for forming stimulation patterns based on the stored digital video stream. | 05-07-2009 |
20090118794 | Video Processing Unit for a Visual Prosthetic Apparatus - A visual prosthesis apparatus comprising: a video capture device for capturing a video image; a video processing unit associated with the video capture device, the video processing unit configured to convert the video image to stimulation patterns; and a retinal stimulation system configured to stimulate neural tissue in a subject's eye based on the stimulation patterns, wherein the video processing unit is configured to be powered on after a first time interval upon activation of a power button, wherein the video processing unit is configured to be powered off after a second time interval upon activation of a power button. | 05-07-2009 |
20090132004 | Automatic Fitting for a Visual Prosthesis - The invention is a method of automatically adjusting an electrode array to the neural characteristics of an individual patient. By recording neural response to a predetermined input stimulus, one can alter that input stimulus to the needs of an individual patient. A minimum input stimulus is applied to a patient, followed by recording neural response in the vicinity of the input stimulus. By alternating stimulation and recording at gradually increasing levels, one can determine the minimum input that creates a neural response, thereby identifying the threshold stimulation level. One can further determine a maximum level by increasing stimulus until a predetermined maximum neural response is obtained. | 05-21-2009 |
20090149915 | Electrode Array for Even Neural Pressure - The present invention is an electrode array for neural stimulation. In particular it is an electrode array for use with a visual prosthesis with the electrode array suitable to be positioned on the retina. The array includes multiple attachment points to provide for even pressure across the electrode array surface. The attachment points are arranged so as to not damage retinal tissue stimulated by the electrode array. | 06-11-2009 |
20090177245 | SUBCHOROIDAL RETINAL PROSTHESIS - Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to utilization of one or more arrays that are placed under the choroid. In this approach, an array is placed under the choroid. To achieve this, a scleral incision can be made without cutting the underlying choroid or retina. The array can then be inserted into the space between the sclera and choroid and is pushed to the desired place. It is possible to make several of such scleral incisions in each quadrant of the eye to insert arrays of similar or different shapes into the subchoroidal space. Following insertion of the electrode array the scleral wound may be sutured around the cable to make the array and the eye more stable. | 07-09-2009 |
20090192571 | DEVICE WITH A BASE BODY - On a device | 07-30-2009 |
20090210031 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING STIMULATION INPUTS TO A VISUAL PROSTHESIS IMPLANT - Stimulation inputs are provided to a visual prosthesis implant. The images captured by a video decoder are received and digitized to provide a plurality of video frames; integrity of the video frames is checked, the checked video frames are filtered, and the filtered video frames are converted to stimulation inputs. A similar system is also disclosed. | 08-20-2009 |
20090216295 | ACTIVE SUB-RETINA IMPLANT - An active retina implant ( | 08-27-2009 |
20090222061 | PYRODE NEUROSTIMULATOR - A pyrode converts near-infrared light to an electric field that wirelessly stimulates nerve tissue at one or more locations in a host body, such as in a retina, a cochlea, a heart axon, or a motor nerve. Partial vision is restored when a pyrode implanted in a retina is activated by a scanner. Only the pyrode is implanted in the retina, whereas all other components remain external to the host body. Nerves other than the retina are stimulated by a pyrode coupled to a source of photonic energy by an optical conduit. In one preferred embodiment the photonic energy source is implanted in the host body. In another preferred embodiment, photonic energy from an external source is piped to the pyrode by way of an optical conduit via a percutaneous lead. Electrooptic diverters enable sequential activation of multiple pyrodes branched from a main conduit. | 09-03-2009 |
20090222062 | IMPLANTABLE DEVICE - An implantable device ( | 09-03-2009 |
20090222063 | IMPLANTABLE DEVICE - An implantable device ( | 09-03-2009 |
20090259276 | Field Focusing and Mapping in a Visual Prosthesis - The present invention is a system for mapping a high resolution image to a lower resolution electrode array and, by applying varying stimulus to neighboring electrodes, creating a perceived image greater in resolution than the electrode array. The invention is applicable to a wide range of neural stimulation devices including artificial vision and artificial hearing. By applying a sub-threshold stimulus to two neighboring electrodes where the sum of the stimuli is above the threshold of perception, a perception is created in neural tissue between the two electrodes. By adjusting the stimulus on neighboring electrodes, the location of stimulation can be altered. Further, noise can be applied to the stimulating electrode or its neighboring electrodes to reduce the threshold of stimulation. | 10-15-2009 |
20090270946 | Therapeutic Light System - A non-thermal low dose light emitting diode (LED) array provides for the application of therapeutically specific radiation is provided. The array delivers radiation to the intended target surface at a controlled intensity. The intensity is controlled with a specific sequence of pulsing by pulse driving a matrix-arrayed LED. The modulation of the therapeutically specific radiation is at a frequency outside the user's visually perceptive range, but with a visually perceptible cycle. The cycle is initiated by a strobe rate very slow and perceptible to the user and then ramp up rapidly to over 30 cycles per second for the dosage period. The cycle is terminated by ramping down the strobe rate from above 30 cycles per second to a slower, visually perceptible level at the end of the dosage period. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. | 10-29-2009 |
20090287275 | ELECTRODE MULTIPLEXING METHOD FOR RETINAL PROSTHESIS - A method is disclosed for efficient multiplexing of a plurality of electrodes in a nerve stimulator using improved, predetermined, regular, repeatable geometric patterns arranged in a predetermined mosaic to form a desired array. Multiple electrodes within said array are addressed by the nerve stimulator as being a stimulating electrode by an instruction specifying a single identifier, indicating a position within each regular geometric pattern. As such, each electrode within the array, maintaining the specified position within its respective repeatable geometric pattern, becomes a stimulating electrode and is connected to the appropriate electronic circuit for subsequent, potential use in nerve stimulation. | 11-19-2009 |
20090287276 | Visual Prosthesis for Phosphene Shape Control - The present invention is an improved method of stimulating visual neurons to create artificial vision. It has been found that varying current of visual stimulation can create varying percept brightness, varying percept size, and varying percept shape. By determining the attributes of predetermined current levels, and using those attributes to program a video processor, more accurate video preproduction can be obtained. | 11-19-2009 |
20090306741 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ALTERING BRAIN AND BODY FUNCTIONS AND FOR TREATING CONDITIONS AND DISEASES OF THE SAME - The present invention relates to systems and methods for management of brain and body functions and sensory perception. For example, the present invention provides systems and methods of sensory substitution and sensory enhancement (augmentation) as well as motor control enhancement. The present invention also provides systems and methods of treating diseases and conditions, as well as providing enhanced physical and mental health and performance through sensory substitution, sensory enhancement, and related effects. | 12-10-2009 |
20090312817 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ALTERING BRAIN AND BODY FUNCTIONS AND FOR TREATING CONDITIONS AND DISEASES OF THE SAME - The present invention relates to systems and methods for management of brain and body functions and sensory perception. For example, the present invention provides systems and methods of sensory substitution and sensory enhancement (augmentation) as well as motor control enhancement. The present invention also provides systems and methods of treating diseases and conditions, as well as providing enhanced physical and mental health and performance through sensory substitution, sensory enhancement, and related effects. | 12-17-2009 |
20090312818 | Visual Prosthesis for Control of Spatiotemporal Interactions - In a visual prosthesis or other neural stimulator it is advantageous to provide non-overlapping pulses in order to provide independent control of brightness from different electrodes. Non-overlapping pulses on geographically close electrodes avoid electric-field interaction which leads to brightness summation or changes in the shape and area of percepts. It is advantageous to apply pulses to nearby electrodes in a way that the currents do not overlap in time at all. The new finding is that even a small amount of separation results in a significant improvement as small as (ie. 0.225 msec). ‘Nearby’ is defined as within a few millimeters of each other. Another new finding is that there is some additional benefit of separating the pulses in time even further. In particular, some experiments showed a benefit of separating them more than 1.8 msec. Another experiment showed a benefit of separating them greater than 3 msec. But, there is probably no benefit to separating them more than 5 msec. The same parameters that provide independent control of brightness also produce spatial patterns that the subjects' report as being similar to the sum of individual electrode phosphenes. Simultaneous stimulation of multiple electrodes can sometimes produce physical sensation or discomfort in the eye. Time-shifting the pulses cab also be used to reduce the physical sensations felt by the patient. | 12-17-2009 |
20090319004 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR STIMULATING A BRAIN OF A PERSON - An apparatus for stimulating a brain ( | 12-24-2009 |
20100087895 | Techniques and Functional Electrical Stimulation to Eliminate Discomfort During Electrical Stimulation of the Retina - Techniques and functional electrical stimulation to eliminate discomfort during electrical stimulation of the retina are provided. According to a first technique, discomfort is eliminated through control of timing group assignment. According to a second technique, discomfort is eliminated through an edge detection method. According to a third technique, brightness clipping is used to eliminate discomfort. According to a fourth technique, direct reduction of current is obtained by scaling it down by a factor which is dependent on the sum of current in all electrodes. According to a fifth technique, the current being fed to each electrode is adjusted, by dividing it by a weighted sum of currents fed to the surrounding electrodes. According to a sixth technique, a method based on the current summation effect is used. According to a seventh technique, a large return electrode is used. According to an eighth technique, the return electrode is used for a pseudo-multi-polar stimulation. | 04-08-2010 |
20100094381 | APPARATUS FOR DRIVING ARTIFICIAL RETINA USING MEDIUM-RANGE WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE - Provided is an apparatus for driving an artificial retina using a medium-range power transmission technique. The apparatus can wirelessly transmit power to an artificial retina circuit within a medium range of about 1 m using resonance between a first coil equipped around a user's waist and a second coil implanted in a user's eye. Thus, it is possible to solve the difficulty of implanting a coil in a lens, provide convenience to a user by eliminating the necessity of artificial glasses, and stably supply power to the artificial retina circuit. In addition, it is possible to remarkably lessen the difficulty in connecting the second coil with the artificial retina circuit in an eye. | 04-15-2010 |
20100094382 | VISUAL PROSTHESIS AND METHODS OF CREATING VISUAL PERCEPTIONS - A visual prosthesis and methods of allowing a subject to view visual information from an artificial source are provided. The visual prosthesis has one or more electrodes operative to deliver electrical signals to a lateral geniculate nucleus of a mammal, a power supply operative to provide power to the electrodes, a visual information translator operatively connected to the electrode array, and a visual sensor operatively connected to the visual information translator. The visual prosthesis is operative to translate visual information into an electrical signal and transmit the electrical signal to electrodes to stimulate brain activity to recognize visual information. | 04-15-2010 |
20100185260 | METHOD FOR STIMULATING RETINAL RESPONSE USING PHOTOACTIVE DEVICES - An improved method for stimulating electrical activity in an eye is provided. The invention provides a technique for implanting small, nanometer-sized photoactive devices into an eye to improve electrical activity within an eye or mitigate degradation of electrical response in damaged eyes. | 07-22-2010 |
20100222842 | SIGHT REGENERATION ASSISTING DEVICE - A sight regeneration assisting device for regenerating the sight of a patient comprises a plurality of needlelike electrodes each having a pointed distal end and being to be inserted in an optic papilla of a patient's eye in use; and a signal generator connected with the electrodes through a conductive wire to generate an electric stimulus pulse signal to be outputted from the electrodes, each of the electrodes, excepting a predetermined portion including the distal end, being coated with a coating layer made of resin exhibiting good biocompatibility and insulation, and the coating layer being formed with a turn-back retaining portion for retaining the electrode. | 09-02-2010 |
20100241192 | Fitting of Brightness as a Function of Current Amplitude in a Visual Prosthesis - To accurately represent a visual scene a visual prosthesis must convey luminance information across a range of brightness levels. To do this, the brightness of phosphenes produced by an individual electrode should scale appropriately with luminance, and the same luminance should produce equivalently bright phosphenes across the entire electrode array. Given that the function relating current to brightness varies across electrodes, it is necessary to develop a fitting procedure that will permit brightness to be equated across an entire array. | 09-23-2010 |
20100241193 | Signal Processing In Devices, For Use With A Deficient Signal-Responsive Body Part - A cochlear implant provides electrical pulses to neurons and is configured to convert the excitation signal into a sparsified signal for electrically stimulating the neurons, thereby reducing the redundancy of the stimuli applied to the neurons. A signal analyser is configured to perform dimension reduction or factorisation of said excitation signal in the time domain or in the frequency domain followed by a sparse transform, the resulting relatively clean output signal providing the input to an inverse transformation step to create the sparsified signal. The dimension reduction or factorisation can be performed by principal component analysis (PCA), and the sparse transform can be performed by independent component analysis (ICA). | 09-23-2010 |
20100249877 | Apparatus and Methods for Visual Perception Using an Array of Nanoscale Waveguides - Nanoscale photovoltaic devices fabricated from nanoscale waveguides that receive, propagate, and convert incident light into electrical neural signals, and methods of using these photovoltaic devices for visual perception are disclosed herein. A visual neuroprosthetic device includes an array of nanoscale waveguides ( | 09-30-2010 |
20100249878 | Visual Prosthesis Fitting Training and Assessment System and Method - The present invention is an improved fitting and training system for a visual prosthesis. A patient, using the visual prosthesis observes a display and indicates location, movement, shape or other properties of the display image to provide for improved fitting and training. In one embodiment, the patient uses a touch screen monitory which displays an image. The patient touches the monitor at the location where the patient perceives the image. The system then corrects the image to the location indicated by the patient. In another embodiment a patient observes an image moving across the touch screen monitor and indicates by moving their hand across the monitor which direction the believe the image is moving. The system can then rotate the image to match the image perceived by the patient. | 09-30-2010 |
20100268301 | IMAGE PROCESSING ALGORITHM FOR CUEING SALIENT REGIONS - A method for cueing salient regions of an image in an image processing device is provided and includes the steps of extracting three information streams from the image. A set of Gaussian pyramids are formed from the three information streams by performing eight levels of decimation by a factor two. A set of feature maps are formed from a portion of the set of Gaussian pyramids. The set of feature maps are resized and summed to form a set of conspicuity maps. The set of conspicuity maps are normalized, weighted and summed to form the saliency map. | 10-21-2010 |
20100305659 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVE RETINAL STIMULATION - A method for electrically stimulating a retina of an eye to induce visual perception includes placing an electrode adjacent a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer and selectively applying a biphasic asymmetrical waveform (BAW) to a portion of the axon. The BAW includes a pre-pulse phase and a stimulation-pulse phase. The pre-pulse phase has a first polarity, a first amplitude, and a first duration. The first amplitude and the first duration together define a pre-pulse charge having a first magnitude. The stimulation-pulse phase has a second polarity opposite the first polarity, a second amplitude, and a second duration less than the first duration. The second amplitude and the second duration together define a stimulation charge having a second magnitude. Application of the pre-pulse phase and the stimulation-pulse phase effects a change in excitability of the at least one ganglion cell and induces visual perception, respectively. | 12-02-2010 |
20100331912 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR VISUAL STIMULATION - A device and method for providing stimulation signals that reset the phase of the neuronal activity of neurons in a patient's brain. The device includes a control unit; and a stimulation unit that has a plurality of stimulation elements, and each stimulation element generates visual stimulation signals that reset the phase of the neuronal activity of the neurons when the signals are taken up via an eye of a patient and transmitted to neurons that are exhibiting a pathologically synchronous and oscillatory neuronal activity. The control unit is further capable of actuating the stimulation unit such that the stimulation elements generate the visual stimulation signals with a time offset in respect to one another and/or with differing phase and/or with differing polarity. | 12-30-2010 |
20110004272 | SCANNING LASER DEVICE AND METHODS OF USE - In one aspect, the invention provides vision prosthesis systems. Exemplary vision prosthesis systems of the invention comprise a light energy generator operably connected to a wearable head piece comprising a device for directing light energy produced by the light energy generator onto a mammalian retina, wherein the light energy generator is tuned to emit light energy of sufficient power to modulate neural activity in the retina. In another aspect, the invention provides methods for irradiating neurons in the retina of the mammalian eye by directing light energy produced by a light energy generator onto a mammalian retina. The methods of the invention may be used to directly modulate the activity of retinal neurons or to introduce molecules into retinal cells. | 01-06-2011 |
20110015699 | Fitting of Brightness in a Visual Prosthesis - The invention is a method of automatically adjusting an electrode array to the neural characteristics of an individual patient. The perceptual response to electrical neural stimulation varies from patient to patient and The response to electrical neural stimulation varies from patient to patient and the relationship between current and perceived brightness is often non-linear. It is necessary to determine this relationship to fit the prosthesis settings for each patient. It is advantageous to map the perceptual responses to stimuli. The method of mapping of the present invention is to provide a plurality of stimuli that vary in current, voltage, pulse duration, frequency, or some other dimension; measuring and recording the response to those stimuli; deriving a formula or equation describing the map from the individual points; storing the formula; and using that formula to map future stimulation. | 01-20-2011 |
20110130807 | VISION REGENERATION ASSIST APPARATUS AND IMPLANTABLE APPARATUS - A vision regeneration assist apparatus includes: a substrate including electrodes; a control unit; a mount that is formed from a sintered element made of an insulating material, the mount including through holes; an internal conductor that is to be filled into the through holes of the mount to electrically connect the control unit with wires extending from the electrodes. The internal conductor includes: a first conductive material which is to be filled to a predetermined depth from an opening of the through holes at the upper surface of the mount, the first conductive material which takes at least one type of conductive material, which is not fused at a sintering temperature of the mount; and a second conductive material which is formed from a conductive material that is to be filled into a remaining of the through holes, which faces the substrate, the second conductive material exhibiting biocompatibility. | 06-02-2011 |
20110166623 | Implantable Retinal Electrode Array Configuration for Minimal Retinal Damage and Method of Reducing Retinal Stress - This invention is a retinal electrode array assembly and methods of using the same that facilitate surgical implant procedures by providing the operating surgeon with visual references and grasping means and with innovations that reduce actual and potential damage to the retina and the surrounding tissue. | 07-07-2011 |
20110172736 | PENETRATING ELECTRODES FOR RETINAL STIMULATION - Apparatus configured for implantation in a body of a subject is provided. The apparatus includes a support substrate, and at least 500 electrodes protruding at least 50 um from the support substrate, each electrode having (a) a distal tip, (b) an electrically-exposed tip portion, and (c) a cross-section of 50-1500 um2, 20 um from the distal tip. Other embodiments are also described. | 07-14-2011 |
20110202110 | Spatial Mapping for a Visual Prosthesis - A visual prosthesis and a method of operating a visual prosthesis are disclosed. Neural stimulation through electrodes is controlled by spatial maps, where a grouped or random association is established between the data points of the acquired data and the electrodes. In this way distortions from the foveal pit and wiring mistakes in the implant can be corrected. Moreover, broken electrodes can be bypassed and a resolution limit can be tested, together with testing the benefit the patient receives from correct spatial mapping. | 08-18-2011 |
20110213443 | Biocompatible Bonding Method and Electronics Package Suitable for Implantation - The invention is directed to a method of bonding a hermetically sealed electronics package to an electrode or a flexible circuit and the resulting electronics package that is suitable for implantation in living tissue, for a retinal or cortical electrode array to enable restoration of sight to certain non-sighted individuals. The hermetically sealed electronics package is directly bonded to the flex circuit or electrode by electroplating a biocompatible material, such as platinum or gold, effectively forming a plated rivet-shaped connection, which bonds the flex circuit to the electronics package. The resulting electronic device is biocompatible and is suitable for long-term implantation in living tissue. | 09-01-2011 |
20110238134 | ARTIFICIAL RETINA DEVICE WITH STIMULATING AND GROUND RETURN ELECTRODES DISPOSED ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE NEURORETINA AND METHOD OF ATTACHMENT - An artificial retina device to electrically stimulate a neuroretina of an eye to produce artificial vision, the artificial retina device comprising: an electrical source; at least one stimulating electrode connected with the electrical source; and at least one ground return electrode connected with the electrical source, wherein the stimulating electrode and ground return electrode are configured to be disposed within the eye on opposite sides of the neuroretina. | 09-29-2011 |
20110270353 | Selectable Filters for a Visual Prosthesis - The present invention is a visual prosthesis including a visor with an embedded camera and changeable optical filters to limit light entering the lens of the camera. This invention will allow use of custom filters to limit light intensity or certain light frequencies sent to the camera of the visual prosthesis in a variety of brightness conditions which will remove glare. It will allow modification of the color of the light sent to camera of the visual prosthesis to respond to different environments. Users may choose the best filter to suit their needs in real time. | 11-03-2011 |
20110270354 | Visual Prosthesis - A visual prosthesis apparatus and a method for limiting power consumption in a visual prosthesis apparatus. The visual prosthesis apparatus comprises a camera for capturing a video image, a video processing unit associated with the camera, the video processing unit configured to convert the video image to stimulation patterns, and a retinal stimulation system configured to stop stimulating neural tissue in a subject's eye based on the stimulation patterns when an error is detected in a forward telemetry received from the video processing unit. | 11-03-2011 |
20110282413 | Method of Improving Electrode Tissue Interface - A critical element of a retinal prosthesis is the stimulating electrode array, which is placed in close proximity to the retina. It is via this interface that a retinal prosthesis electrically stimulates nerve cells to produce the perception of light. The impedance load seen by the current driver consists of the tissue resistance and the complex electrode impedance. The results show that the tissue resistance of the retina is significantly greater than that of the vitreous humor in the eye. Circuit models of the electrode-retina interface are used to parameterize the different contributors to the overall impedance. | 11-17-2011 |
20110288612 | Video Processing Methods for Improving Visual Acuity and/or Perceived Image Resolution - A method and apparatus for improving visual acuity when providing a visual image from a “high” resolution input device to a “low” resolution output device. The described invention is of particular use when the output device is an array of electrodes as part of a retinal prosthesis used to restore vision to a visually-impaired patient. In that various limitations may, within the foreseeable future, limit the density of such an electrode array (and thus the resolution of the output image), the present invention teaches techniques to assign processed pixel subsets of a higher resolution image to a single electrode. By varying the pixel subsets, e.g., by jittering, and/or altering the processing criteria, the perceived visual acuity may be further improved. Alternatively and additionally, such processing may be further extended to drive neighboring electrodes in combination to thus stimulate virtual electrode sites and thus further enhance visual acuity. | 11-24-2011 |
20110313486 | Wireless Visual Prosthesis with Remote Driver and Coil - The present invention is wireless visual prosthesis with a remote driver for the external coils this, among other things, provides for a magnetic resonance image (MRI) safe visual prosthesis. fMRI is an effective tool for analyzing cortical responses to neural stimulation, such as from a visual prosthesis. However, the external electronics of a visual prosthesis cannot operate in a MRI field. The present invention provides a radio frequency shielded link between a video processing unit, driver circuitry and the coils used for communicating with the implantable portion of the visual prosthesis. | 12-22-2011 |
20110319963 | Package for an Implantable Neural Stimulation Device - The present invention is an improved hermetic package for implantation in the human body. The implantable device comprises
| 12-29-2011 |
20110319964 | Retinal Prosthesis with Side Mounted Inductive Coil - The invention is a retinal prosthesis with an inductive coil mounted to the side of the eye by means of a strap around the eye. This allows for close coupling to an external coil and movement of the entire implanted portion with movement of the eye ball. | 12-29-2011 |
20120004704 | Retinal Prosthesis with Separate Electrode Array and Return Electrodes - The artificial percept of light may be created by electrically stimulating the neurons of the retina. While a photolithographed array internal to the retina provides superior resolution, an array external to the retina provides easier implantation and improved manufacturability. Therefore it is advantageous to supply a high-resolution electrode array internal to the sclera, near the fovea and a lower-resolution electrode array eternal to the sclera near the periphery of the retina. | 01-05-2012 |
20120101550 | VISUAL PROSTHESIS AND RETINA STIMULATION DEVICE FOR SAME - The present invention provides a visual prosthesis comprising: image capture means for capturing an image from a surrounding environment; image processing means for processing the image and converting the image into a transmissible image signal; signal processing means for processing and converting the image signal into a stimulation signal; and a retina stimulation device ( | 04-26-2012 |
20120109255 | Retina Stimulation Apparatus and Manufacturing Method Thereof - The invention discloses a retina stimulation apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof The apparatus comprises a pixel unit, a power supply module and a flexible package. The pixel unit and power supply module are disposed on and covered by the flexible package, and the power supply module can supply power to the pixel unit after being charged. Each pixel unit comprises a photosensor, a signal processing and driving unit and a stimulating electrode. The photosensor detects an incident light and provides a sensing signal to the signal processing and driving unit, and the processing unit generates a stimulation signal with an appropriate waveform to the stimulating electrode according to the sensing signal. Through the stimulating electrode, a stimulation current is used to stimulate retina ganglion cells. | 05-03-2012 |
20120123501 | Visual Prosthesis with an Improved Electrode Array Adapted for Foveal Stimulation - The present invention is an improved method of electrically stimulating percepts in a patient with a visual prosthesis, to induce a more controlled perception of light. In particular, the present invention is an improved electrode array to maximize retinal response. The array of the present invention is an array with a center section with no electrode, surrounded by a ring of small high density electrodes. Electrodes beyond to ring are gradually larger and more widely spaced. | 05-17-2012 |
20120136415 | Method for Inspection of Materials for Defects - The present invention is a non-destructive method of inspecting a bond, particularly a braze bond, in a hermetic package. The invention involves a unique hermetic package design adapted for ultrasonic inspection and a method of inspecting the package. This package and non-destructive inspection process are particularly useful in implantable neural stimulators such as visual prostheses. | 05-31-2012 |
20120185015 | Method and Apparatus to Provide Safety Checks for Neural Stimulation - The present application deals generally with the stimulation of neural tissue by electronic means and specifically with controlling the level of electrical stimulation in order to prevent damage to the neural tissue. Methods presented in the disclosure include detecting current leakage via electrode impedance measurement, electrode capacitance measurement, and testing the electrode response to a test current pulse. Apparatus presented in the disclosure include circuitry and systems capable of performing the methods disclosed. | 07-19-2012 |
20120209350 | Fractal interconnects for neuro-electronic interfaces and implants using same - A neuro-electronic interface device has a micro-electrode electrically connected to an interconnect that has scaling gradients between 1.1 and 1.9 over a scaling range of at least one order of magnitude. The device preferably has an array of such fractal interconnects in electrical contact with an array of micro-electrodes. Such fractal interconnect arrays may be components of implants including a retinal implant device having an array of photodetectors in electrical contact with the array of micro-electrodes. The interconnects may be fabricated by forming nanoscale particles and depositing them onto a non-conductive surface that is smooth except for electrodes which serve as nucleation sites for the formation of fractal interconnect structures through diffusion limited aggregation. | 08-16-2012 |
20120215282 | Wide-Field Retinal Prosthesis - A wide-filed retinal prosthesis enables an increased field of vision with a relatively small scleral incision. The retinal prosthesis includes a flexible substrate comprising a central member and at least one wing, with an array of electrodes disposed therein that are configured to stimulate the central and peripheral nerves of the retina. | 08-23-2012 |
20120221076 | CUSTOMIZATION OF IRREGULAR ARRAYS - An apparatus includes: an input configured to receive information indicative of sensed light locations; memory coupled to the input and storing indicia of receptive fields forming a mosaic, each of the receptive fields corresponding to an electrode, the mosaic including first and receptive fields having first and second shapes that are different, the memory further storing instructions; a processor coupled to the input and the memory and configured to read and execute the instructions to: analyze the information indicative of sensed light locations; determine, for each of respective ones of the sensed light locations, one or more receptive fields that include the corresponding sensed light location; and produce excitation indicia; the apparatus further including an output coupled to the processor and configured to be coupled to a retinal implant and to convey the excitation indicia toward the retinal implant. | 08-30-2012 |
20120221077 | Video Configuration File Editor for Visual Prosthesis Fitting - A method of editing a video configuration file downloadable to or from a video processing unit of a fitting system for a visual prosthesis is shown. The visual prosthesis has a plurality of electrodes and the video configuration file defines mapping of a video signal captured from a camera of the visual prosthesis to an electrical signal for the electrodes. The editing controls a brightness map for an individual electrode or electrode groups, together with a temporal stimulation pattern to which an individual electrode or electrode groups are assigned. A related computer-operated system is also disclosed. | 08-30-2012 |
20120277826 | Mimicking Neural Coding in Retinal Ganglion Cells with Short Pulse Electrical Stimulation - A method, device and system for stimulating visual tissue, typically in the retina or visual cortex, to achieve an artificial percept of light or image. The method includes providing stimulating electrodes suitable for placement in proximity to the visual tissue and generating a series of short-duration stimulation signals having a duration of less than about 0.5 milliseconds each. The short-duration stimulation signals are applied through the stimulating electrodes with varying frequencies that are substantially matched to a spiking range of frequencies of at least one ganglion cell for perceiving brightness or image. | 11-01-2012 |
20120277827 | Method and System for Providing Stimulation Inputs to a Visual Prosthesis Implant - Stimulation inputs are provided to a visual prosthesis implant. The images captured by a video decoder are received and digitized to provide a plurality of video frames; integrity of the video frames is checked, the checked video frames are filtered, and the filtered video frames are converted to stimulation inputs. A similar system is also disclosed. | 11-01-2012 |
20120283799 | NON-PLANAR CHIP ASSEMBLY - A non-planner integrated circuit device comprising a flexible structure and at least one fixture structure bonded to the flexible structure is described. The flexible structure may be curved in a desired deformation. A plurality of contact areas may be included in the flexible structure. Circuitry may be embedded within the flexible structure to perform processing operations. In one embodiment, the fixture structure may be bonded with the fixture structure via the contact areas to provide holding constraints allowing the flexible structure to remain curved. The bonding pads can also be used to connect communications in electrical signals. | 11-08-2012 |
20120303091 | APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR POLYCHRONOUS ENCODING AND MULTIPLEXING IN NEURONAL PROSTHETIC DEVICES - Apparatus and methods for encoding sensory input information into patterns of pulses and message multiplexing. In one implementation, the patterns of pulses are polychronous (time-locked by not necessary synchronous), and a retinal prosthetic encodes the input signal into the polychronous patterns for delivery via stimulating electrodes. Different polychronous patterns simultaneously encode different sensory signals; (such as different features of the image), thus providing for message multiplexing. Increasing data transmission capacity allows for a reduction in the number of electrodes required for data transmission. In one implementation, an adaptive feedback mechanism is employed to facilitate encoder operation. In another aspect, a computer vision system is described. | 11-29-2012 |
20120303092 | Method and Apparatus for Predicting and Controlling the Percepts Induced by a Visual Prosthesis - Here we present the first model that quantitatively predicts the apparent spatial position and shape of percepts elicited by retinal electrical stimulation in humans based on the known anatomy of the retina. This model successfully predicts both the shape of percepts elicited by single electrode stimulation and the shape and relative positions of percepts elicited by multiple electrode stimulation. Model fits to behavioral data show that sensitivity to electrical stimulation is not confined to the axon initial segment, but does fall off rapidly with the distance between stimulation and the initial segment. Using the model, it is possible to compensate, preferably with a look up table, to match percepts to a desired image. | 11-29-2012 |
20120330377 | Visual Prosthesis Fitting - The present invention is a fitting system with a graphical interface with specific interface screens for specific functions. Methods and devices for fitting a visual prosthesis are described. In one of the methods, threshold levels and maximum levels for the electrodes of the prosthesis are determined and a map of brightness to electrode stimulation levels is later formed. A fitting system for a visual prosthesis is also discussed, together with a computer-operated system having a graphical user interface showing visual prosthesis diagnostic screens and visual prosthesis configuration screens. | 12-27-2012 |
20130035742 | Face Detection, Tracking, and Recognition for a Visual Prosthesis - The present invention is a system for detecting, tracking and recognizing human faces in a visual prosthesis. In a visual prosthesis, the input camera is always higher resolution than the electrode array providing percepts to the subject. It is advantageous to detect, track and recognize human faces. Then information can be provided to the subject by highlighting the face in the visual scene, providing auditor or vibratory notice that a human face is in the visual scene, looking up the face in a database to state the name of the person in the visual scene, otherwise communication id like providing a custom vibratory pattern corresponding to known individuals (like custom ring tones associated with caller ID) or automatically zooming in on a face to aid the subject in identifying the face. | 02-07-2013 |
20130035743 | Field Focusing and Mapping in a Visual Prosthesis - The present invention is a system for mapping a high resolution image to a lower resolution electrode array and, by applying varying stimulus to neighboring electrodes, creating a perceived image greater in resolution than the electrode array. The invention is applicable to a wide range of neural stimulation devices including artificial vision and artificial hearing. By applying a sub-threshold stimulus to two neighboring electrodes where the sum of the stimuli is above the threshold of perception, a perception is created in neural tissue between the two electrodes. By adjusting the stimulus on neighboring electrodes, the location of stimulation can be altered. Further, noise can be applied to the stimulating electrode or its neighboring electrodes to reduce the threshold of stimulation. | 02-07-2013 |
20130110197 | Visual Prosthesis | 05-02-2013 |
20130144360 | Retinal Prosthesis - The invention is a retinal prosthesis with an improved configuration mounting necessary components within and surrounding the eye. The present invention better allows for the implantation of electronics within the delicate eye structure. The invention provides for less height of the part external to the eye by mounting a receiver coil around an electronics package. | 06-06-2013 |
20130184783 | HYBRID BIOORGANIC INTERFACE FOR NEURONAL PHOTOACTIVATION, AND RETINAL PROSTHETIC DEVICE - An interface for neuronal photoactivation includes a semiconducting polymer material, the semiconducting polymer material being excitable by luminous radiation for photovoltaically generating an electric signal. The semiconducting polymer material forms a substrate for neuronal cell adhesion. | 07-18-2013 |
20130211475 | Methods And Apparatus For Representing User Output Data By Transcutaneous Stimulation Of A User's Optic Nerve - Systems and techniques for providing data to a user in the form of perceived light signals caused by transcutaneous stimulation of the user's optic nerve. User output data, suitably representing data collected, generated, or processed by a data processing device, is used to generate user output data. The user output data is converted to representations corresponding to light signals, and control functions are performed to cause generation of electrical impulses which, when applied to the skin of a user, stimulate the optic nerve of the user so as to cause the user to perceive the light signals. | 08-15-2013 |
20130253608 | BLIND SIGHT - A sensory substitution device (SSD) for providing a person with neural signals responsive to features of an environment, the SSD comprising: at least one camera that acquires an image of the environment; and at least one corneal neural stimulator that stimulates nerve endings in the cornea of an eye of the person to generate neural signals responsive to the image that propagate to the person's brain. | 09-26-2013 |
20130274825 | Filter for a Visual Prosthesis - The present invention is a visual prosthesis including a visor with an embedded camera and an optical filter to limit light entering the lens of the camera. This invention will allow use of custom filters to limit light intensity or certain light frequencies sent to the camera of the visual prosthesis in a variety of brightness conditions which will remove glare. It will allow modification of the color of the light sent to camera of the visual prosthesis to respond to different environments. | 10-17-2013 |
20130282076 | Hybrid Fitting For a Visual Prosthesis - The present invention is an improved fitting and training system for a visual prosthesis. Fitting a visual prosthesis through automated means is challenging and fitting a visual prosthesis manually is tedious for clinician and patent, and provides great opportunity for error. A hybrid of computer controlled and manual fitting provides effective, efficient and controlled fitting process. The process includes testing a group of electrodes in random order by providing a prompt followed by stimulation and the patient responding if they saw a percept. After each set, a maximum likelihood algorithm is used to determine the next stimulation level, or if further stimulation is needed for each electrode. | 10-24-2013 |
20130304155 | Structure of Artificial Electronic Retina - An improved structure of an artificial electronic retina is disclosed, which includes an array of a plurality of photoelectric units, and each photoelectric unit includes one electronic photosensitive element, one microelectrode, and one electronic circuit, wherein the microelectrode is disposed on and electrically connected to the electronic photosensitive element, and the electronic circuit is disposed on a circumference of the electronic photosensitive element. A layer of a light-permeable conductive material is disposed on and electrically connected to the electronic photosensitive element, wherein the layer of the light-permeable conductive material is also electrically connected to the microelectrode. Therefore, the input and output power of the electronic photosensitive element can be increased without reducing the photosensitive area of the electronic photosensitive element. Even the area of the microelectrode can be reduced in order to increase the photosensitive area. | 11-14-2013 |
20130304156 | Automatic Fitting for a Visual Prosthesis - The invention is a method of automatically adjusting an electrode array to the neural characteristics of an individual patient. By recording neural response to a predetermined input stimulus, one can alter that input stimulus to the needs of an individual patient. A minimum input stimulus is applied to a patient, followed by recording neural response in the vicinity of the input stimulus. By alternating stimulation and recording at gradually increasing levels, one can determine the minimum input that creates a neural response, thereby identifying the threshold stimulation level. One can further determine a maximum level by increasing stimulus until a predetermined maximum neural response is obtained. | 11-14-2013 |
20130331908 | Video Device to be Worn on the Head - The present disclosure describes a video device suitable to be word on the head of a user in the form of glasses. The glasses frame supports a camera, active electronics and a battery. | 12-12-2013 |
20140046400 | Visual Prosthesis with Integrated Visor and Video Processing Unit - The present invention is a new configuration for the external portion of a visual prosthesis in the form of a visor or glasses, including a frame supported by a user's nose and ears. The video processing unit is adapted to be connected by temple portions of the visor and rest on the user's upper back behind the user's neck, or behind the user's head. Controls for the video processor are on one or both temple portions of the visor. | 02-13-2014 |
20140046401 | RETINAL PROSTHESIS - A retinal prosthesis including a microelectrode array, a polymer layer and a layer of bioactive molecule is provided. The microelectrode includes a plurality of microelectrodes. The polymer layer partly encapsulates the microelectrode array, in which the microelectrodes are exposed on the surface of the polymer layer. The layer of bioactive molecules is immobilized on the surface of the microelectrode. | 02-13-2014 |
20140088665 | Signal Strength Indicator for Adjusting Communication in a Medical Implant - It is critical in an inductively link medical implant, such as a visual prosthesis or other neural stimulator, to adjust the external coil to a location to maximize communication between the external coil and internal coil. Converting the signal strength between the coils to a signal easily discernible by a clinician, preferably an audible tone, facilitates the adjustment of the external coil to a preferred location. | 03-27-2014 |
20140100629 | Method and System for Providing Stimulation Inputs to a Visual Prosthesis Implant - Stimulation inputs are provided to a visual prosthesis implant. The images captured by a video decoder are received and digitized to provide a plurality of video frames; integrity of the video frames is checked, the checked video frames are filtered, and the filtered video frames are converted to stimulation inputs. A similar system is also disclosed. | 04-10-2014 |
20140121724 | METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION OF RETINAL CELL TYPES INTRINSIC PROPERTIES - Retinal prostheses are configured to apply retinal stimulus signals based on retinal cell classification such as cell types or cell clusters identified based on retinal cell signals. Cell types are identified based on spontaneous or induced retinal electrical signals and analyzed based on temporal patterns of electrical activity, spatio-temporal voltage waveforms, and signal correlations that can be obtained from temporal spike patterns. Cell type indications are stored, and a signals are applied to the retina based on the stored cell type indications. | 05-01-2014 |
20140142660 | Downloadable Filters for a Visual Prosthesis - The present invention is an improved method of providing flexible image possessing in a visual prosthesis by providing downloadable video filters. In a visual prosthesis, the input video image is normally higher resolution than the output stimulation of the retina, optic nerve or visual cortex. It is advantageous to apply video processing algorithms (filters) to help provide the most useful information to the lower resolution electrode array. Different filters are more effective in different environments and for different subjects. Examples of situation dependent filters include reverse image, contrast increasing, edge detection, segmentation using chromatic information and motion detection. Filters loaded in the video processing unit may be selected dynamically to suit the situation or the user's preference. It is therefore advantageous to provide flexibility in applying filters. However, it is also important to maintain the security necessary for a medical device. | 05-22-2014 |
20140163642 | Multi-Electrode Integration in a Visual Prosthesis - The present invention is a visual prosthesis for stimulating visual neurons to create the perception of light. The visual prosthesis electrically stimulating the retina with implanted electrodes exhibits interaction between electrodes stimulated closely together in both space and time. The visual prosthesis of the present invention includes means for determining a minimum distance at which spatiotemporal interactions occur, determining a minimum time at which spatiotemporal interactions occur, and avoiding stimulation of electrodes within the minimum distance during the minimum time. The minimum are ideally established for each individual patient. Alternatively, approximate minimums have been established by the applicants at 2 mm and 1.8 milliseconds. | 06-12-2014 |
20140194950 | Visual Prosthesis with User Interface - The present invention is a visual prosthesis for the restoration of sight in patients with lost or degraded visual function. The visual prosthesis includes a user interface which controls function of the visual prosthesis to optimize operation for each individual patient. The user interface controls functions such as brightness, contrast, magnification, frequency, pulse width, or amplitude. The user interface may also individually control points of neural stimulation. | 07-10-2014 |
20140200628 | Fitting of Brightness as a Function of Current Amplitude in a Visual Prosthesis - To accurately represent a visual scene a visual prosthesis must convey luminance information across a range of brightness levels. To do this, the brightness of phosphenes produced by an individual electrode should scale appropriately with luminance, and the same luminance should produce equivalently bright phosphenes across the entire electrode array. Given that the function relating current to brightness varies across electrodes, it is necessary to develop a fitting procedure that will permit brightness to be equated across an entire array. | 07-17-2014 |
20140200629 | Field of View Matching in a Visual Prosthesis - A visual prosthesis apparatus including a video capture device for capturing a video image, a video processing unit associated with the video capture device, the video processing unit configured to convert the video image to stimulation patterns, and a stimulation system configured to stimulate subject's neural tissue based on the stimulation patterns, wherein the stimulation system provides a span of visual angle matched to the subject's neural tissue being stimulated. | 07-17-2014 |
20140214122 | Method and Apparatus for Predicting and Controlling the Percepts Induced by a Visual Prosthesis - Here we present the first model that quantitatively predicts the apparent spatial position and shape of percepts elicited by retinal electrical stimulation in humans based on the known anatomy of the retina. This model successfully predicts both the shape of percepts elicited by single electrode stimulation and the shape and relative positions of percepts elicited by multiple electrode stimulation. Model fits to behavioral data show that sensitivity to electrical stimulation is not confined to the axon initial segment, but does fall off rapidly with the distance between stimulation and the initial segment. Using the model, it is possible to compensate, preferably with a look up table, to match percepts to a desired image. | 07-31-2014 |
20140222103 | Cortical Visual Prosthesis - The present invention is a visual prosthesis adapted for implantation in the brain, and more particularly with an electrode array adapted for implantation in the Calcarine Sulcus of the visual cortex. The electrode array of the invention has electrodes on each side and spaced appropriately for the Calcarine Sulcus and driven by an electronic circuit within a hermetic package small enough to be implanted with a skull. | 08-07-2014 |
20140236260 | VISUAL PROSTHESIS APPARATUS - Visual prosthesis apparatus includes an image receiver, a processor coupled to the image receiver, a stimulation device coupled to the processor, and an eye monitoring device coupled to the processor. The image receiver receives a sequence of images and the processor produces a stimulation signal at least partially in accordance with the received images. The stimulation device receives the stimulation signal and stimulates visual neurons of a user accordingly to provide the user with a visual percept. The eye monitoring device monitors one or more ocular parameters at an eye region of the user, wherein one or more control functions are associated with the monitored ocular parameters. The processor controls the visual prosthesis apparatus in accordance with the monitored ocular parameters and the associated control functions. The one or more ocular parameters can include pupil size, state of closure of the user's eyelid and direction of eye gaze. | 08-21-2014 |
20140303686 | Video Processing Unit for a Visual Prosthetic Apparatus - A video processing unit configured to convert a video image to stimulation patterns for stimulating neural tissue in a subject's eye and comprising a power button, wherein the video processing unit is configured to be powered on after a first time interval upon activation of a power button, wherein the video processing unit is configured to be powered off after a second time interval upon activation of a power button. | 10-09-2014 |
20140303687 | CONTEXTUAL IMAGE STABILIZATION - Image stabilization systems and methods include a detector configured to detect images, an actuator coupled to the detector, a sensor coupled to the detector and configured to detect motion of the detector, and an electronic processor in communication with the sensor and the actuator, where the electronic processor is configured to, for example: (a) receive information about motion of the detector from the sensor; (b) determine components of the motion of the detector, and associate a class with each of the determined components; (c) identify components to be compensated from among the determined components based on the associated classes; and (d) generate a control signal that causes the actuator to adjust a position of at least a portion of the detector to compensate for the identified components. | 10-09-2014 |
20140309710 | Visual Prosthesis with an Improved Electrode Array Adapted for Foveal Stimulation - The present invention is an improved method of electrically stimulating percepts in a patient with a visual prosthesis, to induce a more controlled perception of light. In particular, the present invention is an improved electrode array to maximize retinal response. The array of the present invention is an array with a center section with no electrode, surrounded by a ring of small high density electrodes. Electrodes beyond to ring are gradually larger and more widely spaced. | 10-16-2014 |
20140336724 | RETINAL PROSTHESIS - The present invention relates to retinal prostheses, and in particular to the transfer of electrical power and data from outside of the human body to such a prosthesis. The retinal prosthesis comprises: A retinal electrode array implanted in the eye to stimulate the retina. A receiving coil implanted sub-sclerally to inductively receive power or data signals, or both. An electrical connection between the implanted receiving coil and the implanted retinal electrode array. Wherein the receiving coil is flexible and able to conform to scleral curvature, when it is implanted. And wherein power or data signals, or both, received by the receiving coil from a remote transmitting coil are automatically provided to the electrode array. According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for implanting a retinal prosthesis. In a further aspect the present invention further provides an ocular implant. | 11-13-2014 |
20140350639 | Method and Apparatus for Predicting and Controlling the Percepts Induced by a Visual Prosthesis - Here we present the first model that quantitatively predicts the apparent spatial position and shape of percepts elicited by retinal electrical stimulation in humans based on the known anatomy of the retina. This model successfully predicts both the shape of percepts elicited by single electrode stimulation and the shape and relative positions of percepts elicited by multiple electrode stimulation. Model fits to behavioral data show that sensitivity to electrical stimulation is not confined to the axon initial segment, but does fall off rapidly with the distance between stimulation and the initial segment. Using the model, it is possible to compensate, preferably with a look up table, to match percepts to a desired image. | 11-27-2014 |
20150051666 | Video Configuration File Editor for Visual Prosthesis Fitting - A method of editing a video configuration file downloadable to or from a video processing unit of a fitting system for a visual prosthesis is shown. The visual prosthesis has a plurality of electrodes and the video configuration file defines mapping of a video signal captured from a camera of the visual prosthesis to an electrical signal for the electrodes. The editing controls a brightness map for an individual electrode or electrode groups, together with a temporal stimulation pattern to which an individual electrode or electrode groups are assigned. A related computer-operated system is also disclosed. | 02-19-2015 |
20150066106 | Flexible Circuit Electrode Array Embedded in a Cured Body - Polymer materials are useful as electrode array bodies for neural stimulation. They are particularly useful for retinal stimulation to create artificial vision, cochlear stimulation to create artificial hearing, and cortical stimulation, and many related purposes. The pressure applied against the retina, or other neural tissue, by an electrode array is critical. Too little pressure causes increased electrical resistance, along with electric field dispersion. Too much pressure may block blood flow. Common flexible circuit fabrication techniques generally require that a flexible circuit electrode array be made flat. Since neural tissue is almost never flat, a flat array will necessarily apply uneven pressure. Further, the edges of a flexible circuit polymer array may be sharp and cut the delicate neural tissue. It is advantageous that the array edges not contact tissue. | 03-05-2015 |
20150290459 | Hybrid Fitting for a Visual Prosthesis - The present invention is an improved fitting and training system for a visual prosthesis. Fitting a visual prosthesis through automated means is challenging and fitting a visual prosthesis manually is tedious for clinician and patent, and provides great opportunity for error. A hybrid of computer controlled and manual fitting provides effective, efficient and controlled fitting process. The process includes testing a group of electrodes in random order by providing a prompt followed by stimulation and the patient responding if they saw a percept. After each set, a maximum likelihood algorithm is used to determine the next stimulation level, or if further stimulation is needed for each electrode. | 10-15-2015 |
20150290466 | 3-COIL WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM FOR EYE IMPLANTS - A three-coil electromagnetic induction power transfer system is disclosed for epiretinal prostheses and other implants. A third, buffer coil is disposed between an external transmitting coil and a receiver coil buried within the body to improve efficiency and robustness to misalignments. One or more of the coils can be manufactured using micromechanical machining techniques to lay out conductors in a ribbon of biocompatible insulator, folding lengths of the insulated conductor traces longitudinally over one another, and then spiraling them into a ring. The traces change axial position in the ring by shifting across fold lines. One or more U-shaped sections on the traces can be folded so that adjacent traces can project opposite one another, lengthening the resulting ribbon that can be wound into a coil. | 10-15-2015 |
20150306389 | SPATIAL MAPPING FOR A VISUAL PROSTHESIS - A visual prosthesis and a method of operating a visual prosthesis are disclosed. Neural stimulation through electrodes is controlled by spatial maps, where a grouped or random association is established between the data points of the acquired data and the electrodes. In this way distortions from the foveal pit and wiring mistakes in the implant can be corrected. Moreover, broken electrodes can be bypassed and a resolution limit can be tested, together with testing the benefit the patient receives from correct spatial mapping. | 10-29-2015 |
20150314125 | Video Processing Unit for a Visual Prosthetic Apparatus - A visual prosthesis configured to convert a video image to stimulation patterns for stimulating visual neural tissue including a camera configured to obtain a video image, a video processing unit configured to receive the image from the camera and create stimulation patterns based upon the image, an implantable stimulation system suitable to stimulate visual neural tissue according to the stimulation patterns, a wireless communication system configured to send a stimulation signal from the video processing unit to the implantable stimulation system, and a voltage and current monitoring circuit in the video processing unit monitoring the stimulation signal sent by the video processing unit. | 11-05-2015 |
20150335891 | Stimulation Patterns for a Visual Prosthesis - The present invention is a visual prosthesis for the restoration of sight in patients with lost or degraded visual function. The visual prosthesis includes an implantable portion which stimulates visual neural tissue according to stimulation patterns sent by a programmable video processing unit. The video processing unit controls stimulation patterns including programmable wave forms to provide monopolar, bipolar, and multipolar wave forms. | 11-26-2015 |
20150335892 | Visual Prosthetic Apparatus For Retinal Stimulation - A visor for visual stimulation of visually impaired subjects is shown. The visor comprises a frame, a coil, a camera and a mounting system. A connector allows the coil to be positioned along a first direction. A sliding device allows the coil to be positioned along a second direction. Positioning of the visor on a subject's nose allows the coil to be positioned along a third direction. Positioning of the coil along the first, second or third direction is useful to maximize coupling RF coupling between the coil and an internal coil implanted on a subject wearing the visor. | 11-26-2015 |
20150352360 | RETINAL IMPLANT WITH RECTIFIED AC POWERED PHOTODIODE - The present invention relates to a microelectronics element, such as an optical receiver element, for a medical implant device to be implanted in the human or animal body, particularly for a retinal implant device. The microelectronics element comprises a functional unit including application specific microelectronics, such as a photodiode, for performing a function in the medical implant device, and rectifier means adapted for converting an AC supply voltage into a DC voltage. The DC voltage provided by the rectifier means, or an operating voltage derived from the DC voltage, is configured to be supplied to the functional unit. Further, the functional unit and the rectifier means are integrated on a common semiconductor substrate and configured such that the rectifier means isolates the microelectronics element from application of an external DC supply voltage. The invention also relates to a medical implant device, such as a retinal implant, which incorporates such a microelectronics element. | 12-10-2015 |
20150352361 | ARTIFICIAL RETINAL SYSTEM - An artificial retinal system includes an optical device and a retinal implant device. The optical device includes an image generator for generating (M) projected images, each having (N) projected blocks with (M) identical projected sub-blocks, based differently on an external image, and output ting the projected images in sequence through optical projection. The projected sub-blocks of each projected block of each projected linage are associated with a corresponding original sub-block of a corresponding original block. The retinal implant device includes a pixel array with (N) pixel units, each generating (M) electrical stimulus signals based on a respective one of the projected blocks, and combines the electrical stimulus signals to obtain a total electrical stimulus signal. | 12-10-2015 |
20150352364 | NEUROPROSTHETIC STIMULATION - The present disclosure relates to a method for determining stimulation parameters for a neuroprosthetic device performed by a processor of the device. Based on (i) a desired spatial pattern of neural activity, the processor determines stimulation parameters for an array of electrodes of the neuroprosthetic device. The processor determines the stimulation parameters such that a difference between (i) the desired spatial pattern of neural activity and (ii) an estimated spatial pattern of neural activity is optimised. The estimated spatial pattern of neural activity is an estimate of a response of a target neural tissue to being stimulated by the neuroprosthetic device based on the stimulation parameters. This method allows higher resolution stimulation and allows electrode arrays with higher electrode density to be usefully employed. | 12-10-2015 |
20150374990 | METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR CONFIGURING ARTIFICIAL RETINA DEVICES - Methods and apparatuses to detect configuration commands from waveforms received at a retina prosthesis device for calibrating the device are described. The device can comprise an array of pixel units to receive light to stimulate neuron cells to cause an effect of visual sensation from the light. The pixel units may have configurable parameters for the stimulation to the neuron cells. The configurable parameters may be updated according to the configuration commands detected without requiring micro processor and non-volatile memory in the device. The stimulation may be generated according to the updated configurable parameters to improve the effect of visual sensation from the light including compensation for the physiological and environmental variations and drifts. | 12-31-2015 |
20160001078 | Saliency-Based Apparatus And Methods For Visual Prostheses - Saliency-based apparatus and methods for visual prostheses are disclosed. A saliency-based component processes video data output by a digital signal processor before the video data are input to the retinal stimulator. In a saliency-based method, an intensity stream is extracted from an input image, feature maps based on the intensity stream are developed, plural most salient regions of the input image are detected and one of the regions is selected as a highest saliency region. | 01-07-2016 |
20160030745 | Neural Stimulation For Increased Persistence - The present invention is a method of improving the persistence of electrical neural stimulation, and specifically a method of improving the persistence of an image supplied to a retina, or visual cortex, through a visual prosthesis. A continuously stimulated retina, or other neural tissue, will desensitize after a time period in the range of 20 to 150 seconds. However, an interruption of the stimulation on the order of a few milliseconds will restore the retinal sensitivity without the user perceiving the interruption, or with the user barely perceiving the interruption. | 02-04-2016 |
20160045734 | Pattern Detection and Location Indication for a Visual Prosthesis - The present invention is generally directed to visual neural stimulation and more specifically to improved usability of a visual prosthesis, and a visual prosthesis structure easily adaptable to the eye or the brain. They system includes a pattern recognition component, and zoom component combined with an indication component for indicating the location of the pattern, such as a face, in a zoomed out image. | 02-18-2016 |
20160045743 | ELECTRICAL CHARGE BALANCING METHOD FOR FUNCTIONAL STIMULATION USING PRECISION PULSE WIDTH COMPENSATION - An apparatus and method for electrical charge balancing when generating a stimulus during functional neural stimulation is presented. A stimulus pulse is generated (cathodic or anodic), and after a selected delay a charge compensating pulse is generated of an opposite polarity. The electrode circuit discontinuously examines electrode voltage after termination of the stimulus pulse, and utilizes this voltage to determine how long to extend the width of the charge compensating pulse. The electrode circuit thus performs accurate electrical charge cancellation to remove residual charges from the electrode by precisely controlling pulse width for an opposing polarity compensating pulse that need not have the same current level as the stimulus pulse. | 02-18-2016 |
20160082250 | MULTI-SOURCE STIMULATION - A system and method are described for stimulating excitable tissue. The system includes a monopolar stimulation source that generates a sub-threshold field in the vicinity of the excitable tissue, the sub-threshold field being below a threshold at which activation of the excitable tissue occurs. One or more local stimulation sources generate a local field, which in combination with the sub-threshold field exceeds the threshold of the excitable tissue. | 03-24-2016 |
20160106981 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVE NEURAL ACTIVATION USING HIGH-FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION - A system and method is provided for preferentially stimulating a portion of neural tissue including a first type of neurons and a second type of neurons. The method includes defining a waveform characterizing an electrical stimulus, wherein the waveform includes an amplitude-modulated wave of the electric stimulus. The method also includes applying the electrical stimulus having the defined waveform to a stimulating element located in proximity to the neural tissue to selectively activate the first type of neurons while leaving the second type of neurons one of substantially unaffected and suppressed in response to the electrical stimulus. | 04-21-2016 |
20160199650 | EXTRAOCULAR EPIRETINAL IMPLANT | 07-14-2016 |