Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090010828 | MERCURY CONTROL USING MODERATE-TEMPERATURE DISSOCIATION OF HALOGEN COMPOUNDS - A system and method is provided for the removal of mercury from flue gas. Effective removal of mercury is obtained by oxidation of elemental mercury, with highly reactive halogen species derived from dissociation of halogen compounds at moderate temperatures brought into contact with the flue gas with or without the addition of carbon. | 01-08-2009 |
20090047200 | MULTIFUNCTIONAL ABATEMENT OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN FLUE GAS - An apparatus and a method that uses generated alkaline, alkaline-earth, and/or silica/alumina aerosols as a multifunctional additive to scavenge sulfur oxides in flue gas, minimize poisoning effects of sulfur oxides on mercury sorbent performance, and enhance particulate matter capture in electrostatic precipitators and other particulate filter devices by conditioning the fly ash. | 02-19-2009 |
20090057161 | ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS - The present invention provides methods and apparatus for the preparation of nitrogen fertilizers including ammonium nitrate, urea, urea-ammonium nitrate, and/or ammonia, at low temperature and pressure, preferably at ambient temperature and pressure, utilizing a source of carbon, a source of nitrogen, and/or a source of hydrogen or hydrogen equivalent. Implementing an electrolyte serving as ionic charge carrier, (1) ammonium nitrate is produced via the reduction of a nitrogen source at the cathode and the oxidation of a nitrogen source at the anode; (2) urea or its isomers are produced via the simultaneous cathodic reduction of a carbon source and a nitrogen source; (3) ammonia is produced via the reduction of nitrogen source at the cathode and the oxidation of a hydrogen source or a hydrogen equivalent such as carbon monoxide or a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at the anode; and (4) urea-ammonium nitrate is produced via the simultaneous cathodic reduction of a carbon source and a nitrogen source, and anodic oxidation of a nitrogen source. The electrolyte can be aqueous, non-aqueous, or solid. | 03-05-2009 |
20090062119 | SORBENTS FOR THE OXIDATION AND REMOVAL OF MERCURY - A promoted activated carbon sorbent is described that is highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The sorbent comprises a new modified carbon form containing reactive forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the sorbent, or to the flue gas to enhance sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described. | 03-05-2009 |
20090297413 | SORBENTS FOR THE OXIDATION AND REMOVAL OF MERCURY - A promoted carbon and/or non-carbon base sorbent are described that are highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The promoted sorbent comprises a carbon and/or non-carbon base sorbent that has reacted with and contains forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase and/or preserve reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the base sorbent, or in-flight within a gas stream (air, flue gas, etc.), to enhance base sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The promoted sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Base sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active base sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described. | 12-03-2009 |
20100047146 | SORBENTS FOR THE OXIDATION AND REMOVAL OF MERCURY - A promoted activated carbon sorbent is described that is highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The sorbent comprises a new modified carbon form containing reactive forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the sorbent, or to the flue gas to enhance sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described. | 02-25-2010 |
20100191008 | CHAIN-SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF FUEL COMPONENTS AND CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS - A method comprising providing a starting composition comprising a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a polyunsaturated fatty ester, a carboxylate salt of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a polyunsaturated triglyceride, or a mixture thereof; self-metathesizing the starting composition or cross-metathesizing the starting composition with at least one short-chain olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form self-/cross-metathesis products comprising: cyclohexadiene; at least one olefin; and one or more acid-, ester-, or salt-functionalized alkene; and reacting cyclohexadiene to produce at least one cycloalkane or cycloalkane derivatives. A method for producing cycloalkanes for jet fuel by providing a starting composition comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of algal and polyunsaturated vegetable oils, subjecting the starting composition to metathesis to produce metathesis product comprising at least one olefin, cyclohexadiene, and at least one acid-, ester-, or salt-functionalized alkene, and reacting the at least one olefin and cyclohexadiene to form cycloalkane(s). | 07-29-2010 |
20100312028 | MULTIPRODUCT BIOREFINERY FOR SYNTHESIS OF FUEL COMPONENTS AND CHEMICALS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSICS VIA LEVULINATE CONDENSATIONS - An integrated method for production of liquid transportation fuels, fuel additives, or chemicals in a biorefinery by the conversion of cellulosic materials is disclosed herein. The method is based on converting a source of C6 sugar such as cellulosic materials and sugars into a mixture of hydrotreated compounds. The biorefinery operates in a unique parallel-processing mode, wherein the initial biomass feedstocks are disassembled to provide substrates for parallel branches whose products may be reassembled in either a condensation step or a mixed hydrotreating step or a final fuel-blending step. The cellulosic materials can be converted to levulinate intermediates that condense with intermediates derived from other processes to produce fuels with the appropriate range of sizes in the target molecular composition, thus generating desirable combustion and physical properties. This method also makes use of methyltetrahydrofuran and other low carbon by-products that are separated for use as amphiphilic solvents. In an embodiment, the method produces cyclic ethers via mild hydrotreating of the condensation products, or long-chain keto ester, useful for plasticizers, by condensing a portion of the levulinate with a reagent containing an unsaturated group. In another embodiment, the method produces a ketal by converting a portion of the condensation product in an acid-catalyzed reaction with a diol. | 12-09-2010 |
20120183458 | SORBENTS FOR THE OXIDATION AND REMOVAL OF MERCURY - A promoted activated carbon sorbent is described that is highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The sorbent comprises a new modified carbon form containing reactive forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the sorbent, or to the flue gas to enhance sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described. | 07-19-2012 |
20120202679 | PROCESS FOR REGENERATING A SPENT SORBENT - A method and apparatus is provided for regenerating a sorbent that has been poisoned by components derived from flue gas. The sorbent is treated with an agent to remove the poisoning components and introduce a promoting agent into the sorbent. The method and apparatus can also be used to enhance the effectiveness of a new sorbent. | 08-09-2012 |
20120234689 | Electrochemical Process for the Preparation of Nitrogen Fertilizers - A method for producing fertilizers comprising feeding gaseous reactants comprising at least one nitrogen source and a source of hydrogen selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen-containing salt, a hydrogen-containing compound, and a hydrogen-containing gas to a reactor, the reactor including at least one reaction chamber, at least one anode, at least one cathode, and at least one electrolyte between each at least one anode and each at least one cathode, providing electricity to drive anodic and cathodic reactions, and producing a fertilizer having nitrogen by providing a nitrogen source of the at least one nitrogen source and at least one carbon source to the at least one cathode and a nitrogen source of the at least one nitrogen source to the at least one anode. | 09-20-2012 |
20120283493 | MULTIPRODUCT BIOREFINERY FOR SYNTHESIS OF FUEL COMPONENTS AND CHEMICALS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSICS VIA LEVULINATE CONDENSATIONS - An integrated method for production of fuels, fuel additives, or chemicals in a biorefinery by the conversion of cellulosic materials is disclosed herein. The method is based on converting a source of C6 sugar into a mixture of hydrotreated compounds. Embodiments of the method can be highly integrated, with reagents for particular steps being provided by other steps of the process. | 11-08-2012 |
20130034479 | MERCURY CONTROL USING MODERATE-TEMPERATURE DISSOCIATION OF HALOGEN COMPOUNDS - A system and method is provided for the removal of mercury from flue gas. Effective removal of mercury is obtained by oxidation of elemental mercury, with highly reactive halogen species derived from dissociation of halogen compounds at moderate temperatures brought into contact with the flue gas with or without the addition of carbon. | 02-07-2013 |
20130130336 | CHAIN-SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF FUEL COMPONENTS AND CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS - A method comprising providing a starting composition comprising a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a polyunsaturated fatty ester, a carboxylate salt of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a polyunsaturated triglyceride, or a mixture thereof; self-metathesizing the starting composition or cross-metathesizing the starting composition with at least one short-chain olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form self-/cross-metathesis products comprising: cyclohexadiene; at least one olefin; and one or more acid-, ester-, or salt-functionalized alkene; and reacting cyclohexadiene to produce at least one cycloalkane or cycloalkane derivatives. A method for producing cycloalkanes for jet fuel by providing a starting composition comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of algal and polyunsaturated vegetable oils, subjecting the starting composition to metathesis to produce metathesis product comprising at least one olefin, cyclohexadiene, and at least one acid-, ester-, or salt-functionalized alkene, and reacting the at least one olefin and cyclohexadiene to form cycloalkane(s). | 05-23-2013 |
20130280156 | CARBON NANOCOMPOSITE SORBENT AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME FOR SEPARATION OF ONE OR MORE MATERIALS FROM A GAS STREAM - The present invention relates to carbon nanocomposite sorbents. The present invention provides carbon nanocomposite sorbents, methods for making the same, and methods for separation of a pollutant from a gas that includes that pollutant. Various embodiments provide a method for reducing the mercury content of a mercury-containing gas. | 10-24-2013 |
20140056787 | SORBENTS FOR THE OXIDATION AND REMOVAL OF MERCURY - A promoted activated carbon sorbent is described that is highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The sorbent comprises a new modified carbon form containing reactive forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the sorbent, or to the flue gas to enhance sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described. | 02-27-2014 |
20140099244 | SORBENTS FOR THE OXIDATION AND REMOVAL OF MERCURY - A promoted carbon and/or non-carbon base sorbent are described that are highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The promoted sorbent comprises a carbon and/or non-carbon base sorbent that has reacted with and contains forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase and/or preserve reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the base sorbent, or in-flight within a gas stream (air, flue gas, etc.), to enhance base sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The promoted sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Base sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active base sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described. | 04-10-2014 |
20140308188 | SORBENTS FOR THE OXIDATION AND REMOVAL OF MERCURY - A promoted activated carbon sorbent is described that is highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The sorbent comprises a new modified carbon form containing reactive forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the sorbent, or to the flue gas to enhance sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described. | 10-16-2014 |
20140341793 | MERCURY CONTROL USING MODERATE-TEMPERATURE DISSOCIATION OF HALOGEN COMPOUNDS - A system and method is provided for the removal of mercury from flue gas. Effective removal of mercury is obtained by oxidation of elemental mercury, with highly reactive halogen species derived from dissociation of halogen compounds at moderate temperatures brought into contact with the flue gas with or without the addition of carbon. | 11-20-2014 |