Irving, CA
Brian Irving, Mountain View, CA US
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20090098469 | Process for fabrication of alternating phase shift masks - Design rules are described for a phase alternating shift mask for minimum chrome width and maximum segment length, where an embodiment employs during a cleaning process of the mask a megasonic power of 50 Watts at 1 MHz, and 30 Watts at 3 MHz. Some embodiments utilize an dry etch Carbon Tetrafluoride and Dioxygen based process. Other embodiments are described and claimed. | 04-16-2009 |
Bryan Irving, San Francisco, CA US
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20080279848 | Methods of treating lupus using CD4 antibodies - Methods of treating lupus, including systemic lupus erythematosus, cutaneous lupus erythmetosus, and lupus nephritis, are provided. The methods involve administration of a combination of a non-depleting CD4 antibody and another compound used clinically or experimentally to treat lupus. Methods of treating lupus nephritis by administration of a non-depleting CD4 antibody that results in an improvement in renal function and/or a reduction in proteinuria or active urinary sediment are also provided. Methods of treating lupus or decreasing autoantibody titer by administration of a non-depleting CD4 antibody are also provided. Methods of treating multiple sclerosis by administration of a non-depleting CD4 antibody, optionally in combination with another compound used clinically or experimentally to treat MS, are described. Methods of treating transplant recipients and subjects with rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and Sjogren's syndrome are also provided. | 11-13-2008 |
20080305106 | Novel Gene Disruptions, Composition and Methods Relating Thereto - The present invention relates to transgenic animals, as well as compositions and methods relating to the characterization of gene function. Specifically, the present invention provides transgenic mice comprising disruptions in PRO256, PRO34421, PRO334, PRO770, PRO983, PRO1009, PRO1107, PRO1158, PRO1250, PRO1317, PRO4334, PRO4395, PRO49192, PRO9799, PRO21175, PRO19837, PRO21331, PRO23949, PRO697 or PRO1480 genes. Such in vivo studies and characterizations may provide valuable identification and discovery of therapeutics and/or treatments useful in the prevention, amelioration or correction of diseases or dysfunctions associated with gene disruptions such as neurological disorders; cardiovascular, endothelial or angiogenic disorders; eye abnormalities; immunological disorders; oncological disorders; bone metabolic abnormalities or disorders; lipid metabolic disorders; or developmental abnormalities. | 12-11-2008 |
20090293137 | Novel Gene Disruptions, Compositions and Methods Relating Thereto - The present invention relates to transgenic animals, as well as compositions and methods relating to the characterization of gene function. Specifically, the present invention provides transgenic mice comprising disruptions in PRO218, PRO228, PRO271, PRO273, PRO295, PRO302, PRO305, PRO326, PRO386, PRO655, PRO162, PRO788, PRO792, PRO940, PRO941, PRO1004, PRO1012, PRO 1016, PRO474, PRO5238, PRO1069, PRO1111, PRO1113, PRO1130, PRO1195, PRO1271, PRO1865, PRO1879, PRO3446, PRO3543, PRO4329, PRO4352, PRO5733, PRO9859, PRO9864, PRO9904, PRO9907, PRO10013, PRO90948, PRO28694, PRO16089, PRO19563, PRO19675, PRO20084, PRO21434, PRO50332, PRO38465 or PRO346 genes. Such in vivo studies and characterizations may provide valuable identification and discovery of therapeutics and/or treatments useful in the prevention, amelioration or correction of diseases or dysfunctions associated with gene disruptions such as neurological disorders; cardiovascular, endothelial or angiogenic disorders; eye abnormalities; immunological disorders; oncological disorders; bone metabolic abnormalities or disorders; lipid metabolic disorders; or developmental abnormalities. | 11-26-2009 |
20100203056 | ANTI-PD-L1 ANTIBODIES AND THEIR USE TO ENHANCE T-CELL FUNCTION - The present application relates to anti-PD-L1 antibodies, nucleic acid encoding the same, therapeutic compositions thereof, and their use enhance T-cell function to upregulate cell-mediated immune responses and for the treatment of T cell dysfunctional disorders, including infection (e.g., acute and chronic) and tumor immunity. | 08-12-2010 |
20110182883 | NOVEL GENE DISRUPTIONS, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS RELATING THERETO - The present invention relates to transgenic animals, as well as compositions and methods relating to the characterization of gene function. Specifically, the present invention provides transgenic mice comprising disruptions in PRO218, PRO228, PRO271, PRO273, PRO295, PRO302, PRO305, PRO326, PRO386, PRO655, PRO162, PRO788, PRO792, PRO940, PRO941, PRO1004, PRO1012, PRO1016, PRO474, PRO5238, PRO1069, PRO1111, PRO1113, PRO1130, PRO1195, PRO1271, PRO1865, PRO1879, PRO3446, PRO3543, PRO4329, PRO4352, PRO5733, PRO9859, PRO9864, PRO9904, PRO9907, PRO10013, PRO90948, PRO28694, PRO16089, PRO19563, PRO19675, PRO20084, PRO21434, PRO50332, PRO38465 or PRO346 genes. Such in vivo studies and characterizations may provide valuable identification and discovery of therapeutics and/or treatments useful in the prevention, amelioration or correction of diseases or dysfunctions associated with gene disruptions such as neurological disorders; cardiovascular, endothelial or angiogenic disorders; eye abnormalities; immunological disorders; oncological disorders; bone metabolic abnormalities or disorders; lipid metabolic disorders; or developmental abnormalities. | 07-28-2011 |
20140065135 | METHODS OF USING ANTI-PD-L1 ANTIBODIES AND THEIR USE TO ENHANCE T-CELL FUNCTION TO TREAT TUMOR IMMUNITY - The present application relates to methods of using anti-PD-L1 antibodies to enhance T-cell function to upregulate cell-mediated immune responses and for the treatment of T cell dysfunctional disorders, including infection (e.g., acute and chronic) and tumor immunity. | 03-06-2014 |
20140341902 | METHODS OF TREATING CANCER USING PD-1 AXIS BINDING ANTAGONISTS AND MEK INHIBITORS - The present invention describes combination treatment comprising a PD-1 axis binding antagonist and a MEK inhibitor and methods for use thereof, including methods of treating conditions where enhanced immunogenicity is desired such as increasing tumor immunogenicity for the treatment of cancer. | 11-20-2014 |
20150216970 | METHODS OF TREATING CANCER USING PD-1 AXIS BINDING ANTAGONISTS AND TIGIT INHIBITORS - The present invention describes combination treatment comprising a PD-1 axis binding antagonist and an agent that decreases or inhibits TIGIT expression and/or activity and methods for use thereof, including methods of treating conditions where enhanced immunogenicity is desired such as increasing tumor immunogenicity for the treatment of cancer or chronic infection. | 08-06-2015 |
Bryan Irving, San Francsicso, CA US
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20150320859 | METHODS OF TREATING CANCER USING PD-L1 AXIS BINDING ANTAGONISTS AND VEGF ANTAGONISTS - The present invention describes combination treatment comprising a PD-1 axis binding antagonist, chemotherapy and optionally a VEGF antagonist and methods for use thereof, including methods of treating conditions where enhanced immunogenicity is desired such as increasing tumor immunogenicity for the treatment of cancer. | 11-12-2015 |
20150322153 | ANTI-PD-L1 ANTIBODIES AND ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE - The present application relates to anti-PD-L1 antibodies, which have therapeutic use to enhance T-cell function to upregulate cell-mediated immune responses and for the treatment of T cell dysfunctional disorders, including infection (e.g., acute and chronic) and tumor immunity. | 11-12-2015 |
Bryan Irving, Woodside, CA US
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20130045200 | METHODS OF USING ANTI-PD-L1 ANTIBODIES AND THEIR USE TO TREAT INFECTION RESULTING FROM T-CELL DYSFUNCTION - The present application relates to methods of using anti-PD-L1 antibodies to enhance T-cell function to upregulate cell-mediated immune responses and for the treatment of T cell dysfunctional disorders, including infection (e.g., acute and chronic) and tumor immunity. | 02-21-2013 |
20130045201 | METHODS OF USING ANTI-PD-L1 ANTIBODIES AND THEIR USE TO ENHANCE T-CELL FUNCTION TO TREAT TUMOR IMMUNITY - The present application relates to methods of using anti-PD-L1 antibodies to enhance T-cell function to upregulate cell-mediated immune responses and for the treatment of T cell dysfunctional disorders, including infection (e.g., acute and chronic) and tumor immunity. | 02-21-2013 |
20130045202 | ANTI-PD-L1 ANTIBODIES AND ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE - The present application relates to anti-PD-L1 antibodies, which have therapeutic use to enhance T-cell function to upregulate cell-mediated immune responses and for the treatment of T cell dysfunctional disorders, including infection (e.g., acute and chronic) and tumor immunity. | 02-21-2013 |
Bryan Allen Irving, San Francisco, CA US
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20100215677 | PDZ DOMAIN INTERACTIONS AND LIPID RAFTS - Methods for modulating immune cell signaling are provided. In general such methods involve modulating an interaction between a PDZ protein and a PDZ ligand protein whose interaction affects the composition and/or distribution of lipid rafts in an immune cell. Modulators that enhance or inhibit such interactions are also disclosed, as well as methods of screening for such modulators. | 08-26-2010 |
Bryan Allen Irving, Woodside, CA US
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20150079088 | MULTISPECIFIC ANTIBODIES, MULTISPECIFIC ACTIVATABLE ANTIBODIES AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME - The invention relates generally to multispecific antibodies and to multispecific activatable antibodies that specifically bind to two or more different antigens or epitopes, as well as to methods of making and using these multispecific antibodies and/or multispecific activatable antibodies in a variety of therapeutic, diagnostic and prophylactic indications. | 03-19-2015 |
Colin Irving, Pacific Palisades, CA US
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20090048076 | Bicycling exercise apparatus - An apparatus permitting a user to perform a simulated bicycling exercise is provided. The design includes a frame and a first mounting point and a second mounting point configured to maintain the frame. A seat is connected to the frame and configured to support the user. A wheel is positioned in association with said frame and pedals configured to interact with the wheel, and the frame is configured to pivot about the first mounting point and second mounting point in response to leaning by the user. Handlebars may be provided that enable further force application and enhance the leaning or pivoting in the bicycle riding simulation experience. | 02-19-2009 |
20090170667 | Bicycling exercise apparatus with multiple element load dispersion - An apparatus permitting a user to perform a simulated bicycling exercise is provided. The design includes a frame and a first (lower front) mounting point including a multiple element distributed load arrangement and a second (upper rear) mounting point configured to maintain the frame a first lower front mounting point including a pin defining an axis substantially representing a line joining the second upper rear mounting point and the first lower front mounting point. The design includes a seat, a wheel, and pedals, and the frame is configured to pivot about the axis in response to leaning by the user. Handlebars may be provided that enable force application and enhance the leaning or pivoting in the bicycle riding simulation experience. | 07-02-2009 |
20110195820 | Bicycling exercise apparatus - An apparatus permitting a user to perform a simulated bicycling exercise is provided. The design includes a frame and a first mounting point and a second mounting point configured to maintain the frame. A seat is connected to the frame and configured to support the user. A wheel is positioned in association with said frame and pedals configured to interact with the wheel, and the frame is configured to pivot about the first mounting point and second mounting point in response to leaning by the user. Handlebars may be provided that enable further force application and enhance the leaning or pivoting in the bicycle riding simulation experience. | 08-11-2011 |
20120108399 | BICYCLING EXERCISE APPARATUS WITH MULTIPLE ELEMENT LOAD DISPERSION - An apparatus permitting a user to perform a simulated bicycling exercise is provided. The design includes a horizontal base, a lower front pivoting point, and user supporting hardware collectively adjoining pedals, a seat configured to support the user, and handlebars, the user supporting hardware provided above the horizontal base and interfacing with the lower front mounting point. The lower front pivoting point and the user supporting hardware include a multiple component resistive element arrangement and collectively define an axis of rotation forming an angle with the horizontal base of 30 to 45 degrees, sloping upward in a rearward direction from the front pivoting point to the user supporting hardware. When the user is seated on the seat and leans in one direction, such leaning causes the user supporting hardware, seat, and handlebars to rotate in the one direction about the axis of rotation. | 05-03-2012 |
20130157813 | Bicycling Exercise Apparatus - An apparatus permitting a user to perform a simulated bicycling exercise is provided. The design includes a frame having a head tube, a first upper rear mounting point and a second lower front mounting point configured to maintain the frame, a seat connected to said frame and configured to support the user in a forward facing orientation, a wheel positioned in association with said frame and pedals configured to interact with said wheel, and a stem connected to a handlebar arrangement, the stem passing through the headset collar and connected to a base by a connection arrangement comprising an arm. The frame is configured to pivot about the first upper rear mounting point and second lower front mounting point in response to leaning by the user, causing rotation of the stem within the head tube by movement of the connection arrangement comprising the arm. | 06-20-2013 |
20130296139 | BICYCLING EXERCISE APPARATUS WITH MULTIPLE ELEMENT LOAD DISPERSION - An apparatus permitting a user to perform a simulated bicycling exercise is provided. The design includes a base, a frame comprising a head tube, and a lower front pivoting point connected to the base and an upper rear pivoting axial member positioned a fixed distance above the base. The lower front pivoting point and the upper rear pivoting axial member include a multiple component resistive element arrangement and collectively defining an axis of rotation, the axis of rotation forming a fixed angle relative to the base of 30 to 45 degrees, sloping upward in a rearward direction from the front pivoting point to the upper rear pivoting axial member. The design further includes a stem connected to a handlebar arrangement, the stem passing through the head tube and connected to the base by a connection arrangement comprising an arm. | 11-07-2013 |
20150080191 | BICYCLING EXERCISE APPARATUS - An apparatus permitting a user to perform a simulated bicycling exercise is provided. The design includes a frame having a head tube, a first upper rear mounting point and a second lower front mounting point configured to maintain the frame, and a stem connected to a handlebar arrangement, the stem passing through the headset collar and connected to a base by a connection arrangement comprising an arm. The frame is configured to pivot about the first upper rear mounting point and second lower front mounting point in response to leaning by the user, causing rotation of the stem within the head tube by movement of the connection arrangement. | 03-19-2015 |
20150238797 | BICYCLING EXERCISE APPARATUS WITH MULTIPLE ELEMENT LOAD DISPERSION - An apparatus permitting a user to perform a simulated bicycling exercise is provided. The design includes a base, a frame comprising a head tube, and a lower front pivoting point connected to the base and an upper rear pivoting axial member positioned a fixed distance above the base. The lower front pivoting point and the upper rear pivoting axial member include a multiple component resistive element arrangement and collectively defining an axis of rotation, the axis of rotation forming a fixed angle relative to the base of 30 to 45 degrees, sloping upward in a rearward direction from the front pivoting point to the upper rear pivoting axial member. The design further includes a stem connected to a handlebar arrangement, the stem passing through the head tube and connected to the base by a connection arrangement comprising an arm. | 08-27-2015 |
Florence L. Irving, Los Angeles, CA US
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20110174010 | PROGRESSIVE CAVITY COMPRESSOR - A new type of progressive cavity compressor is intended primarily for 3 to 10 ton vapor-cycle air conditioning systems. Major working section elements include a rotor, a stator, inlet ports, an outlet endplate, and outlet check valves. The helical rotor is driven in an eccentric orbital path inside the helical stator. In the preferred embodiment, the rotor and stator helices have varying (non-uniform) pitch in the working section. Rotor-stator running clearances are tight, to minimize leakage. Two outlet check valves regulate refrigerant discharge flow and pressure. Efficient compression is provided over a wide range of compression ratios, corresponding to a wide range of ambient temperatures in an air conditioning application. The invention can improve the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems, especially at off-design conditions. | 07-21-2011 |
Geoffrey Irving, Berkeley, CA US
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20090306948 | VOLUME SIMULATION - Systems and methods for simulating ballistic motion on an animated object by continuously defining rest poses of the animation object in a motion simulator. Tetrahedral finite element simulation may be used with control mechanisms that target the simulation pose towards the animation. A simulation mesh is generated for two or more animated poses based on a first simulation mesh corresponding to a first pose of the animated object. The simulation meshes of the two or more animated poses are provided to a simulator for use by the simulator such that in the absence of external force and acceleration the simulator output approximates the animated poses. Embodiments of the present invention are particularly useful for fleshy, blobby animation objects such as human characters, although the techniques can be used for other objects having different characteristics. | 12-10-2009 |
Geoffrey Irving, San Francisco, CA US
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20130297058 | DECOMPOSITION OF 3D GEOMETRY INTO DEVELOPABLE SURFACE PATCHES AND 2D CUT PATTERNS - Embodiments disclosed herein provide techniques for decomposing 3D geometry into developable surface patches and cut patterns. In one embodiment, a decomposition application receives a triangulated 3D surface as input and determines approximately developable surface patches from the 3D surface using a variant of k-means clustering. Such approximately developable surface patches may have undesirable jagged boundaries, which the decomposition application may eliminate by generating a data structure separate from the mesh that contains patch boundaries and optimizing the patch boundaries or, alternatively, remeshing the mesh such that patch boundaries fall on mesh edges. The decomposition application may then flatten the patches into truly developable surfaces by re-triangulating the patches as ruled surfaces. The decomposition application may further flatten the ruled surfaces into 2D shapes and lay those shapes out on virtual sheets of material. A person, or machinery, may cut out those shapes from physical sheets of material based on the layout. | 11-07-2013 |
20130297059 | THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING PREPARATION - Embodiments disclosed herein provide systems and methods for preparing geometry for 3D printing. In one embodiment, a 3D printing preparation application receives 3D geometry and repairs non-manifold edges and non-manifold vertices, producing a topological manifold geometry. The 3D printing preparation application then welds coincident edges without coincident faces and fills holes in the geometry. The 3D printing preparation application may further perform resolution-aware thickening of the geometry by estimating distances to a medial axis based on distances to distance field shocks, and advecting the distance field using a velocity field. A similar approach may be used to perform resolution-aware separation enforcement. Alternatively, one component may be globally thickened and subtracted from another for separation enforcement. The 3D printing preparation application may also split large models and add connectors for connecting the split pieces after printing. In addition, the 3D printing preparation application may generate a 3D print preview. | 11-07-2013 |
20140081603 | NESTING USING RIGID BODY SIMULATION - Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for nesting objects in 2D sheets and 3D volumes. In one embodiment, a nesting application simplifies the shapes of parts and performs a rigid body simulation of the parts dropping into a 2D sheet or 3D volume. In the rigid body simulation, parts begin from random initial positions on one or more sides and drop under the force of gravity into the 2D sheet or 3D volume until coming into contact with another part, a boundary, or the origin of the gravity. The parts may be dropped according to a particular order, such as alternating large and small parts. Further, the simulation may be translation- and/or position-only, meaning the parts do not rotate and/or do not have momentum, respectively. Tighter packing may be achieved by incorporating user inputs and simulating jittering of the parts using random forces. | 03-20-2014 |
Jack H. Irving, Los Angeles, CA US
Patent application number | Description | Published |
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20110174010 | PROGRESSIVE CAVITY COMPRESSOR - A new type of progressive cavity compressor is intended primarily for 3 to 10 ton vapor-cycle air conditioning systems. Major working section elements include a rotor, a stator, inlet ports, an outlet endplate, and outlet check valves. The helical rotor is driven in an eccentric orbital path inside the helical stator. In the preferred embodiment, the rotor and stator helices have varying (non-uniform) pitch in the working section. Rotor-stator running clearances are tight, to minimize leakage. Two outlet check valves regulate refrigerant discharge flow and pressure. Efficient compression is provided over a wide range of compression ratios, corresponding to a wide range of ambient temperatures in an air conditioning application. The invention can improve the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems, especially at off-design conditions. | 07-21-2011 |
John M. Irving, San Mateo, CA US
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20090263835 | Genes that are Up- or Down-Regulated During Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells - Genes that are up- or down-regulated during differentiation provide important leverage by which to characterize and manipulate early-stage pluripotent stem cells. Over 35,000 unique transcripts have been amplified and sequenced from undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells, and three types of differentiated progeny. Statistical analysis of the assembled transcripts identified genes that alter expression levels as differentiation proceeds. The expression profile provides a marker system that has been used to identify particular culture components for maintaining the undifferentiated phenotype. The gene products can also be used to promote differentiation; to assess other relatively undifferentiated cells (such as cancer cells); to control gene expression; or to separate cells having desirable characteristics. Manipulation of particular genes can be used to forestall or focus the differentiation process, en route to producing a specialized homogenous cell population suitable for human therapy. | 10-22-2009 |
Michael James Irving, Mission Viejo, CA US
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20090089041 | COMPUTER EMULATOR EMPLOYING DIRECT EXECUTION OF COMPILED FUNCTIONS - An emulation system that provides the functionality of an emulated computer on a host computer pre-processes the object code file to be emulated to reduce the run-time overhead due to parsing the object code. The emulator uses pre-programmed functions that model each instruction of the emulated computer. An object code file is pre-parsed to generate a translated file which includes a sequence of function calls corresponding to the sequence of instructions in the code file. The translated file is compiled to generate a corresponding translated object-code file. The translated object-code file is executed in the emulation environment on the host computer. The emulation system also includes a standard mode in which the object code file is emulated by sequentially parsing each instruction in the object code file and invoking an appropriate one of the preprogrammed functions in the emulated environment. | 04-02-2009 |
20090094015 | COMPUTER EMULATOR EMPLOYING DIRECT EXECUTION OF COMPILED FUNCTIONS - An emulation system that provides the functionality of an emulated computer on a host computer pre-processes the object code file to be emulated to reduce the run-time overhead due to parsing the object code. The emulator uses preprogrammed functions that model each instruction of the emulated computer. An object code file is pre-parsed to generate a translated file which includes a sequence of function calls corresponding to the sequence of instructions in the code file. The translated file is compiled to generate a corresponding translated object-code file. The translated object-code file is executed in the emulation environment on the host computer. The emulation system also includes a standard mode in which the object code file is emulated by sequentially parsing each instruction in the object code file and invoking an appropriate one of the preprogrammed functions in the emulated environment. | 04-09-2009 |
20090099834 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR USING STORED DATA ITEMS IN NATIVE DATA FORMATS IN EMULATED E-MODE PROGRAMS - An embodiment of the invention is a technique for enabling an emulator that emulates an e-mode program to utilize stored data items whose values are stored in native data format in native memory. The emulator fetches an item referenced by the e-mode program. The referenced item comprises a tag field and a data field. The emulator determines whether the tag field of the referenced item indicates that the referenced item is an external reference word (ERW). If the tag field of the referenced item indicates that the referenced item is an ERW, the emulator decodes the ERW to obtain a data type and a pointer. The pointer corresponds to a location of a stored data item in native memory. | 04-16-2009 |
20100070560 | Implementing a Java Server in a Multiprocessor Environment - A method for utilizing multiple servers begins by selecting a program to be run on one of a plurality of servers and selecting one server to run the program. A virtual machine is instantiated on the selected server and the program is run on the virtual machine. A method for utilizing multiple processors begins by initializing a virtual machine on a server and running a program on the virtual machine. Task requests are sent from the program to a control process on a host environment. The control process initializes a worker thread for each task request. Each worker thread is run on a different processor on the host environment. In one embodiment, the server is a Java server and the virtual machine is a Java virtual machine. | 03-18-2010 |
Robert Irving, Pacifica, CA US
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20090068372 | DIPPING TANK FOR SEALING ARTICLES WITH WAX - An apparatus for applying a wax seal to an article such as a wine bottle including a bottom tank formed of at least one upstanding wall and a bottom wall and having an open top end, the bottom tank being fitted with electrical heating means; an upper tank formed of at least one upstanding wall and having an open top end and a closed bottom wall, the upper tank being fitted with electrical heating means, the upper tank being connected at its closed bottom wall with the open top end of said bottom tank, a screen adjustably located inside the upper tank, a pump located in the bottom tank and extending into the upper tank for conveying molten wax from the bottom tank to the upper tank and an overflow opening in the upper tank. | 03-12-2009 |
Stewart Irving, Oakland, CA US
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20090092709 | CLEAR FILTERED NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT BEVERAGE AND FILTRATION METHOD - The present invention provides a dietary supplement, and method for making the same, comprising a glucosamine-based beverage that has the physical appearance of water, or that otherwise appears substantially transparent in its final form. The method for making the glucosamine-based beverage includes passing an aqueous glucosamine-containing solution through a multiple-step filtration process at a predetermined pH level. The first filtration step is performed with a porous volumetric fiber matrix, which is a Nominal rated filter with a cut off in the range of 0.5-1.2 microns, and preferably 0.5 microns, and at a cross-filter pressure less than or equal to 10 psi. The second filtration step is performed with a membrane filter, which is an Absolute rated filter with a cut off in the range 0.3-0.6 microns, and preferably 0.45 microns, and at a cross-filter pressure less than or equal to 10 psi. | 04-09-2009 |